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Theory of Plate Tectonics
1 Earth is not like the other planets in the solar system. Earth has layers, much like an onion. These layers provide answers to many questions. Earth's crust, the outermost layer, is not entirely one piece. It is broken into sections which resemble a huge jigsaw puzzle. These giant sections are known as plates. They are always on the move, creeping along at a snail's pace. The plates seem to float on top of the mantle, the layer of Earth composed of partially melted rock.
2 Have you ever put together a puzzle? The pieces must fit together perfectly in order to form a picture. Alfred Wegener was a German scientist. Over 100 years ago, he discovered something fascinating about a map of Earth. Wegener realized that the continents seem to fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. This giant piece of land was called Pangaea. It existed over 250 million years ago. Over time, Pangaea's tectonic plates slowly drifted apart. These plates in their current positions make our seven continents.
3 Earth's plates are continually being created or recycled. Scientists have studied the ocean floor. They have discovered ridges of mountains along the bottom of the ocean. These ridges form where two plates have started to move apart. Molten rock from the underlying mantle oozes out. Newly formed rock builds up in the space that has been created by the plates' movement. Plate tectonic theory has also helped scientists explain the deep ocean trenches. These deep ocean trenches are areas where plates are being recycled. This can happen where two plates push together. The crust on the edge of one plate is slowly forced under the other. The plate gets pushed back down into Earth's mantle. It will become molten rock again. This type of area is known as a subduction zone. It forms when continental land masses collide with ocean plates, or when two ocean plates collide with each other.
4 On the ocean floor, movement of the plates causes trenches and ridges. Plate movement can do more than that. It can also form mountains on land. When two continental plates push together, there is so much force that the plates buckle. Massive mountain ranges are formed. The friction during crustal movement can sometimes cause earthquakes and tsunamis.
5 The plates on Earth's crust change Earth's surface features in many ways. They had been pieced together in a giant landmass. The plates slowly moved apart to their current locations. The plates will continue to move, forming new rocks and recycling the old. Imagine how a map of Earth might look after another 250 million years of continental drift.
and down below are the questions to the article can you please help me
Theory of Plate Tectonics
1 Earth is not like the other planets in the solar system. Earth has layers, much like an onion. These layers provide answers to many questions. Earth's crust, the outermost layer, is not entirely one piece. It is broken into sections which resemble a huge jigsaw puzzle. These giant sections are known as plates. They are always on the move, creeping along at a snail's pace. The plates seem to float on top of the mantle, the layer of Earth composed of partially melted rock.
2 Have you ever put together a puzzle? The pieces must fit together perfectly in order to form a picture. Alfred Wegener was a German scientist. Over 100 years ago, he discovered something fascinating about a map of Earth. Wegener realized that the continents seem to fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. This giant piece of land was called Pangaea. It existed over 250 million years ago. Over time, Pangaea's tectonic plates slowly drifted apart. These plates in their current positions make our seven continents.
3 Earth's plates are continually being created or recycled. Scientists have studied the ocean floor. They have discovered ridges of mountains along the bottom of the ocean. These ridges form where two plates have started to move apart. Molten rock from the underlying mantle oozes out. Newly formed rock builds up in the space that has been created by the plates' movement. Plate tectonic theory has also helped scientists explain the deep ocean trenches. These deep ocean trenches are areas where plates are being recycled. This can happen where two plates push together. The crust on the edge of one plate is slowly forced under the other. The plate gets pushed back down into Earth's mantle. It will become molten rock again. This type of area is known as a subduction zone. It forms when continental land masses collide with ocean plates, or when two ocean plates collide with each other.
4 On the ocean floor, movement of the plates causes trenches and ridges. Plate movement can do more than that. It can also form mountains on land. When two continental plates push together, there is so much force that the plates buckle. Massive mountain ranges are formed. The friction during crustal movement can sometimes cause earthquakes and tsunamis.
5 The plates on Earth's crust change Earth's surface features in many ways. They had been pieced together in a giant landmass. The plates slowly moved apart to their current locations. The plates will continue to move, forming new rocks and recycling the old. Imagine how a map of Earth might look after another 250 million years of continental drift.
and down below are the questions to the article can you please help me
2 answers:
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Answer:
The pKa of the conjugate acid is 17.7
Explanation:
If hydrogen is removed from water, the equilibrium concentration of the conjugate acid according to the information given in the question becomes,
Kₐ = [OH⁻]/[H₂O]
Now, we determine the equivalent pKa
pKa = -log[ka]
pKa = -log[100]
pKa = -2
Removal of hydrogen from water is reversible as shown below;
H₂O ⇄ OH⁻ + H⁺
15.7 -2
This reaction is reversible, and the difference in pKa = pKa[H₂O] - pKa[H⁺];
pKa of the conjugate acid = 15.7 - (-2) = 17.7
The pKa of the conjugate acid is 17.7