Conduction, transfer of heat or electricity through a substance, resulting from a difference in temperature between different parts of the substance, in the case of heat, or from a difference in electric potential, in the case of electricity. Since heat is energy associated with the motions of the particles making up the substance, it is transferred by such motions, shifting from regions of higher temperature, where the particles are more energetic, to regions of lower temperature. The rate of heat flow between two regions is proportional to the temperature difference between them and the heat conductivity of the substance. In solids, the molecules themselves are bound and contribute to conduction of heat mainly by vibrating against neighboring molecules; a more important mechanism, however, is the migration of energetic free electrons through the solid. Metals, which have a high free-electron density, are good conductors of heat, while nonmetals, such as wood or glass, have few free electrons and do not conduct as well. Especially poor conductors, such as asbestos, have been used as insulators to impede heat flow (see insulation). Liquids and gases have their molecules farther apart and are generally poor conductors of heat. Conduction of electricity consists of the flow of charges as a result of an electromotive force, or potential difference. The rate of flow, i.e., the electric current, is proportional to the potential difference and to the electrical conductivity of the substance, which in turn depends on the nature of the substance, its cross-sectional area, and its temperature. In solids, electric current consists of a flow of electrons; as in the case of heat conduction, metals are better conductors of electricity because of their greater free-electron density, while nonmetals, such as rubber, are poor conductors and may be used as electrical insulators, or dielectrics. Increasing the cross-sectional area of a given conductor will increase the current because more electrons will be available for conduction. Increasing the temperature will inhibit conduction in a metal because the increased thermal motions of the electrons will tend to interfere with their regular flow in an electric current; in a nonmetal, however, an increase in temperature improves conduction because it frees more electrons.
Answer:
c) i) Mg²⁺ ii) O²⁻
Explanation:
I don't know the answer to Q7. because you don't show the diagram
Answer:
The correct answer is "They are both located in the nucleus".
Explanation:
I had to look for the problem and found that the particles are a Proton and a Neutron.
The atomic nucleus is the central section of an atom, is positively charged and has almost the entire mass of the atom.
The nucleus is formed by protons and neutrons, which are held together by strong nuclear interaction, which allows the nucleus to be stable.
Have a nice day!
Answer:
90.64 degrees
Explanation:
Lets list out the parameters given in the question.
Mass of Cup = 270g
Temp. of cup = 94.1C
Specific heat capacity of C = 4.18J/gC
Temp. of Silver spoon = 26.8C
heat capacity of the silver spoon = 61.2 J/C
The fact that thermal equilibrium was mentioned simply means that;
Heat Lost by coffee= Heat gained by spoon
The relationship between the parameters mentioned is given as;
Q = m* c * dT
Where;
m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity and dT is the "change" in temperature.
Assume the final temperature of the whole system is "x". They would both have the same final temperature since they are in thermal equilibrium.
Heat lost by coffee = 270 * 4.18 * (94.1 - x)
(94.1 -x) because coffee will loose heat, hence temperature of coffee will fall.
Heat gained by spoon = c *dT = 61.2 * (x - 26.8).
dT = Final Temp. - Initial Temp.
dT = x - 26.8
Heat lost = Heat gained :
270 * 4.18 * (94.1 - x) = 61.2 * (x - 26.8),
1128.6 (94.1 - x) = 61.2 (x- 26.8)
18.44 ( 94.1 - x) = x - 26.8
1735.2 - 18.44 x = x - 26.8
1735.2 + 26.8 = x + 18.44 x
1762 = 19.44 x
x = 90.64 degrees
