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mojhsa [17]
3 years ago
6

An unknown gas effuses at one half the speed of oxygen. What is the molar mass of the unknown? It is either HBr or HI. Which gas

is it?
Chemistry
1 answer:
sertanlavr [38]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

HI.

Explanation:

  • Thomas Graham found that, at a constant  temperature and pressure the rates of effusion  of various gases are inversely proportional to  the square root of their masses.

Rate of effusion ∝ 1/√molar mass.

  • <em>(Rate of effusion of O₂) / (Rate of effusion of unknown gas) = (√molar mass of unknown gas) / (√molar mass of O₂).</em>
  • An unknown gas effuses at one half the speed of that of oxygen.

∵ Rate of effusion of unknown gas = 1/2 (Rate of effusion of O₂)

∴ (Rate of effusion of O₂) / (Rate of effusion of unknown gas) = 2.

Molar mass of O₂ = 32.0 g/mol.

∵ (Rate of effusion of O₂) / (Rate of effusion of unknown gas) = (√molar mass of unknown gas) / (√molar mass of O₂).

∴  2.0 = (√molar mass of unknown gas) / √32.0.

( √molar mass of unknown gas) = 2.0 x √32.0

By squaring the both sides:

∴ molar mass of unknown gas = (2.0 x √32.0)² = 128 g/mol.

∴ The molar mass of sulfur dioxide = 80.91 g/mol and the molar mass of HI = 127.911 g/mol.

<em>So, the unknown gas is HI.</em>

<em></em>

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Answer:

\boxed {\boxed {\sf 1290 \ g \ PI_3}}

Explanation:

We want to convert from moles to grams, so we must use the molar mass.

<h3>1. Molar Mass</h3>

The molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of a substance. It is the same as the atomic masses on the Periodic Table, but the units are grams per mole (g/mol) instead of atomic mass units (amu).

We are given the compound PI₃ or phosphorus triiodide. Look up the molar masses of the individual elements.

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Note that there is a subscript of 3 after the I in the formula. This means there are 3 moles of iodine in 1 mole of the compound PI₃. We should multiply iodine's molar mass by 3, then add phosphorus's molar mass.

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<h3>2. Convert Moles to Grams</h3>

Use the molar mass as a ratio.

\frac {411.687262 \ g \ PI_3}{ 1 \  mol \ PI_3}

We want to convert 3.14 moles to grams, so we multiply by that value.

3.14 \ mol \ PI_3 *\frac {411.687262 \ g \ PI_3}{ 1 \  mol \ PI_3}

The units of moles of PI₃ cancel.

3.14 *\frac {411.687262 \ g \ PI_3}{ 1 }

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<h3>3. Round</h3>

The original measurement of moles has 3 significant figures, so our answer must have the same. For the number we calculated, that is the tens place.

  • 1292.698

The 2 in the ones place tells us to leave the 9.

1290 \ g \ PI_3

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At equilibrium, the forward and backward reaction rates are equal.

The forward reaction rate would decrease if \rm O_2 is removed from the mixture. The reason is that collisions between \rm SO_2 molecules and \rm O_2\! molecules would become less frequent.

The reaction would not be at equilibrium for a while after \rm O_2 was taken out of the mixture.

Explanation:

<h3>Equilibrium</h3>

Neither the forward reaction nor the backward reaction would stop when this reversible reaction is at an equilibrium. Rather, the rate of these two reactions would become equal.

Whenever the forward reaction adds one mole of \rm SO_3\, (g) to the system, the backward reaction would have broken down the same amount of \rm SO_3\, (g)\!. So is the case for \rm SO_2\, (g) and \rm O_2\, (g).

Therefore, the concentration of each species would stay the same. There would be no macroscopic change to the mixture when it is at an an equilibrium.

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In the collision theory, an elementary reaction between two reactants particles takes place whenever two reactant particles collide with the correct orientation and a sufficient amount of energy.

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Assume that \rm O_2\, (g) molecules were taken out while keeping the temperature of the mixture stays unchanged. The likelihood that a collision would be fruitful should stay mostly the same.

Because fewer \!\rm O_2\, (g) molecules would be present in the mixture, there would be fewer collisions (fruitful or not) between \rm SO_2\, (g) and \rm O_2\, (g)\! molecules in unit time. Even if the percentage of fruitful collisions stays the same, there would fewer fruitful collisions in unit time. It would thus appear that the forward reaction has become slower.

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The forward and backward reaction rates used to be the same. However, right after the change, the forward reaction would become slower while the backward reaction would proceed at the same rate. Thus, the forward reaction would become slower than the backward reaction in response to the change.

Therefore, this reaction would not be at equilibrium immediately after the change.

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