An ion has a positive or negative charge. While a covalent bond always has no charge, meaning it is neutral.
Answer:
The total energy of the photons detected in one hour is 7.04*10⁻¹¹ J
Explanation:
The energy carried by electromagnetic radiation is displaced by waves. This energy is not continuous, but is transmitted grouped into small "quanta" of energy called photons. The energy (E) carried by electromagnetic radiation can be measured in Joules (J). Frequency (ν or f) is the number of times a wave oscillates in one second and is measured in cycles / second or hertz (Hz). The frequency is directly proportional to the energy carried by a radiation, according to the equation: E = h.f, (where h is the Planck constant = 6.63 · 10⁻³⁴ J / s).
Wavelength is the minimum distance between two successive points on the wave that are in the same state of vibration. it is expressed in units of length (m). In light and other electromagnetic waves that propagate at the speed of light (c), the frequency would be equal to the speed of light (≈ 3 × 10⁸ m / s) between the wavelength :

So:

In this case, the wavelength is 3.35mm=3.35*10⁻³m and the energy per photon is:

E=5.93*10⁻²³ 
The detector is capturing 3.3*10⁸ photons per second. So, in 1 hour:

E=7.04*10⁻¹¹ 
The total energy of the photons detected in one hour is 7.04*10⁻¹¹ J
Answer: i could be incorrect but im pretty sure the answer is, Gas surface with no rings.
Explanation:
s-s-s-science!
Answer is: the % ionization of hypochlorous acid is 0.14.
Balanced chemical
reaction (dissociation) of an aqueous solution of hypochlorous acid:
HClO(aq) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + ClO⁻(aq).
Ka = [H⁺] · [ClO⁻] / [HClO].
[H⁺] is equilibrium concentration of hydrogen cations or protons.
[ClO⁻] is equilibrium concentration of hypochlorite anions.
[HClO]
is equilibrium concentration of hypochlorous acid.
Ka is the acid
dissociation constant.
Ka(HClO) = 3.0·10⁻⁸.
c(HClO) = 0.015 M.
Ka(HClO) = α² · c(HClO).
α = √(3.0·10⁻⁸ ÷ 0.015).
α = 0.0014 · 100% = 0.14%.