Scientists discover two new elements, element A and element X, and are able to determine their atomic mass. Element A has an ato
1 answer:
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Answer:
Explanation:
A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons to make the atoms more stable, and so they satisfy the Octet Rule (8 valence electrons).
Typically each atom contributes an electron to form an electron pair. This is a single bond. There are also double bonds (two pairs of electrons), triple bonds (three pairs of electrons), and coordinate covalent bonds.
Sometimes, to satisfy the Octet Rule and achieve stability, one atom contributes both of the electrons in an electron pair. This is different from other covalent bonds because usually each of the 2 atoms contributes an electron to make a pair.
Answer:
,
Explanation:
The change in energy is given by the change in gravitational potential energy:
The average rate of change in terms of time is approximately this: