The theodolite is a precision measuring device used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. It works with a combination of: (1) optical plummets, which is used to ensure that it is placed exactly vertical above; (2) internal spirit, which ensures that it is levelled to the horizon; and (3) graduated circles, one vertical and one horizontal, which is used to measure actual angles. The mounted telescope can swivel horizontally and vertically. If this is adjusted correctly, accurate measurements can be obtained.
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Answer:
The near point of an eye with power of +2 dopters, u' = - 50 cm
Given:
Power of a contact lens, P = +2.0 diopters
Solution:
To calculate the near point, we need to find the focal length of the lens which is given by:
Power, P = 
where
f = focal length
Thus
f = 
f =
= + 0.5 m
The near point of the eye is the point distant such that the image formed at this point can be seen clearly by the eye.
Now, by using lens maker formula:

where
u = object distance = 25 cm = 0.25 m = near point of a normal eye
u' = image distance
Now,



Solving the above eqn, we get:
u' = - 0.5 m = - 50 cm