Answer:
C Fossil fuels will run out soon
Answer:
-125 kJ
Explanation:
You calculate the energy required to break all the bonds in the reactants. Then you subtract the energy to break all the bonds in the products.
H₂C=CH₂ + H₂ ⟶ H₃C-CH₃
Bonds: 4C-H + 1C=C 1H-H 6C-H + 1C-C
D/kJ·mol⁻¹: 413 612 436 413 347
The formula relating ΔHrxn and bond dissociation energies (D) is
ΔHrxn = Σ(Dreactants) – Σ(Dproducts)
(Note: This is an exception to the rule. All other thermochemical reactions are “products – reactants”. With bond energies, it’s “reactants – products”. The reason comes from the way we define bond energies.)
<em>For the reactant</em>s:
Σ(Dreactants) = 4 × 413 + 1 × 612 + 1 × 436 = 2700 kJ
<em>For the products:</em>
Σ(Dproducts) = 6 × 413 + 1 × 347 = 2825 kJ
<em>For the system</em>
:
ΔHrxn = 2700 - 2825 = -125 kJ
For the chemical reactiom to be at equilibrium:
1- The rate of forward reaction must be equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
2- The mass of EACH element must be equal before and after the reaction (no NET change in mass), otherwise the equilibrium will shift.
Important note: you need to check the mass of each element before and after the reaction (i.e, reactants side and products side) and the not the mass of the system as a whole. This is because the mass of the whole system will be preserved whether the system is at equilibrium or not (this is the fundamental law of mass conservation)
