An inference involves the application of logic to progress from a premise to a conclusion or logical consequence on the basis of the evidence or known fact. Inference is a process of thought that be divided into a deduction and an induction aspect.
In the given question Halley, by standing outside was able to deduce the sound of thunder she is then able by inductive reasoning from the fact that storms are usually preceded by and accompany lightening, conclude that there is a storm coming.
