When you are paddling a canoe, you push the water backwards with your paddle, which in turn will push you forward. Which law of
1 answer:
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(a)
The resistance of the rod is given by:
(1)
where
is the material resistivity
L = 1.20 m is the length of the rod
A is the cross-sectional area
The radius of the rod is half the diameter: , so the cross-sectional area is
The resistance at 20°C can be found by using Ohm's law. In fact, we know:
- The voltage at this temperature is V = 15.0 V
- The current at this temperature is I = 18.6 A
So, the resistance is
And now we can re-arrange the eq.(1) to solve for the resistivity:
(b)
First of all, let's find the new resistance of the wire at 92.0°C. In this case, the current is
I = 17.5 A
So the resistance is
The equation that gives the change in resistance as a function of the temperature is
where
is the resistance at the new temperature (92.0°C)
is the resistance at the original temperature (20.0°C)
is the temperature coefficient of resistivity
Solving the formula for , we find
1) Medium "b" has more optical density
2) Light must hit the interface between the two mediums perpendicularly
Explanation:
1)
Refraction occurs when light propagates from a medium into a second medium.
The optical density of a medium is given by its index of refraction, which is defined as:
where
c is the speed of light in a vacuum
v is the speed of light in a medium
Higher index of refraction means higher optical density, and light propagater slower into a medium with higher optical density.
In this problem, light propagates faster through medium "a" than medium "b": this means that medium "a" has lower refractive index of medium "b", and so "b" has more optical density.
2)
We can answer this part by referring to Snell's law, which gives the relationship between the direction of the incident ray and of the refracted ray when light passes through the interface between two media:
where
are the index of refraction of the two mediums
are the angle of incidence and of refraction (the angle that light makes with the normal to the surface in medium 1 and medium 2)
Here we want the direction of propagation of the light ray not to change: this means that it must be
(1)
However, here we have two mediums "a" and "b" with different index of refraction, so
Therefore the only angle that can satisfy eq.(1) is
So, the light must hit the surface perpendicular to the interface between the two mediums.
Learn more about refraction:
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