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satela [25.4K]
3 years ago
12

What happens to the energy of the universe during a chemical or physical process

Chemistry
1 answer:
yulyashka [42]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

unchanged

Explanation:

In any chemical of physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed. A process that absorbs the heat from the surroundings. ... What happens to the energy of the universe during a chemical or physical process? During any chemical or physical process, the energy of the universe remains unchanged.

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Caffeine (C8H10N4O2) is a weak base with a pKb of 10.4. Calculate the pH of a solution containing a caffeine concentration of 41
RSB [31]

Answer:

pH → 7.47

Explanation:

Caffeine is a sort of amine, which is a weak base. Then, this pH should be higher than 7.

Caffeine + H₂O  ⇄  Caffeine⁺  +  OH⁻      Kb

1 mol of caffeine in water can give hydroxides and protonated caffeine.

We convert the concentration from mg/L to M

415 mg = 0.415 g

0.415 g / 194.19 g/mol = 2.14×10⁻³ mol

[Caffeine] = 2.14×10⁻³  M

Let's calculate pH. As we don't have Kb, we can obtain it from pKb.

- log Kb = pKb → 10^-pKb = Kb

10⁻¹⁰'⁴ = 3.98×10⁻¹¹

We go to equilibrium:

Caffeine + H₂O  ⇄  Caffeine⁺  +  OH⁻      Kb

Initially we have 2.14×10⁻³ moles of caffeine, so, after the equilibrium we may have (2.14×10⁻³ - x)

X will be the amount of protonated caffeine and OH⁻

     Caffeine     +    H₂O  ⇄  Caffeine⁺  +  OH⁻      Kb

   (2.14×10⁻³ - x)                         x                x

We make the expression for Kb:

3.98×10⁻¹¹ = x² / (2.14×10⁻³ - x)

We can missed the -x in denominator, because Kb it's a very small value.

So: 3.98×10⁻¹¹ = x² / 2.14×10⁻³

√(3.98×10⁻¹¹ . 2.14×10⁻³) = x → 2.92×10⁻⁷

That's the [OH⁻].  - log [OH⁻] = pOH

- log 2.92×10⁻⁷ = 6.53 → pOH

14 - pOH = pH → 14 - 6.53 = 7.47

4 0
3 years ago
HZ is a weak acid. An aqueous solution of HZ is prepared by dissolving 0.020 mol of HZ in sufficient water to yield 1.0 L of sol
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Answer: below is the calculation for Ka

Explanation:

Download pdf
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8. Which of the following compounds is an ionic compound? (metal)
fomenos
The answer is b, because all of the other compounds are covelent
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1. H₂SO₄ + 2NH₄OH ⟶ (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2H₂O


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<em>Explanation</em>:

Acid + base ⟶ salt + water


Take the H from the acid and the OH from the base to get water.


Then, join what’s left to get the salt. Write the symbol for the metal first.


For example, in equation 3, take the H from HNO₃ and the OH from KOH.


Combining the remaining parts (NO₃ and K) to get the salt, KNO₃.


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