ANSWER
Mass: The resistance of an object to acceleration, size-dependent
Volume: The amount of space an object occupies
Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapor.
Melting point: The temperature at which a solid melts and turns to liquid
Density: Size-independent
Solubility: The ability of a substance (solvent) to dissolve when placed in a liquid (solute)
Magnetism: Size-dependent
EXPLANATION:
Mass: the more mass something has, the harder it is to accelerate. This is somewhat intuitive, but is also demonstrated in newton's third law. It's size-dependent because for an object of a given density, the size (volume) will change the mass.
Volume: big objects take up more space. If you put an apple in bucket filled to the brim with water, a little water will splash out, because the apple is now occupying the space that the water used to, but if you put in a watermelon, a lot of water will splash out, because the watermelon is taking up even more space.
Boiling point: when a liquid gets too hot, it will change to gas (example: water to steam)
Melting point: when a liquid gets too cold, it will change to a solid (example: water to ice)
Density: how much mass there is in a given volume. A sphere made of lead will have more mass than a sphere made of wood, even if they are the same size. Size-independent because a big lead sphere has the same density as a small lead sphere, they just have different masses.
Solubility: some substances dissolve in certain solvents, other's don't.
Magnetism: size-dependent because a bigger magnet is stronger than a smaller one if they are identical in every other way. More space means more domains means a stronger magnet.
is
is the specific heat capacity of water
is the decrease of temperature of the water