Answer:
External comparison
(occupational equity)
Explanation:
Motivation is commonly defined as a set of distinct energetic forces that occurs as a result of both within and outside an employee; start with work-related effort; and set its direction, intensity, and constancy.
Equity theory is simply a theory of motivation. It shows that motivation is based on an individual's views of his/her life and what happens in lives of other people.
comparison others
Based on the theory of equity, this is the act of viewing or examination our own efforts and results and them comparing them to the efforts and results of others people. Therefore we use the other individuals as a comparison other.
External comparison
Is simply defined as the act by which an individual or employee of a company is compared of himself or herself to an employee from another company . That is When an employee from another company is known as the "comparison other," .
Answer:
Start-up cost; variable cost
Explanation:
Start-up cost is the cost incurred in developing a new product. It is a one time cost that is incurred only at the time of creating something new. Start-up cost includes borrowing cost, research and development cost and expenses incurred on technology.
Variable costs change with the change in units of output produced. Cost of chemicals depend on the amount of drugs produced. So, research and development cost is start-up cost and cost of chemical is variable cost.
Explanation:
i=interest rate
X=current rate
2X = double current rate
n = number of years
Calculate time it takes to double at 3%:
2X = X(1+i)^n
simplify by cancelling out X
(1+i)^n = 2
substitute i = 3%
(1.03)^n =2
take log
n*log(1.03) = log(2)
n = log(2)/log(1.03) = 0.6931/0.02956 = 23.45 years
Similarly, for growth rate of 7%,
n = log(2)/log(1.07) = 0.6931 / 0.06766 = 10.24 years
So the difference is 23.45-10.24 = 13.21 years (to the hundredth) sooner
The question is incomplete. Here is the complete question:
The following annual returns for Stock E are projected over the next year for three possible states of the economy. What is the stock’s expected return and standard deviation of returns? E(R) = 8.5% ; σ = 22.70%; mean = $7.50; standard deviation = $2.50
State Prob E(R)
Boom 10% 40%
Normal 60% 20%
Recession
30% - 25%
Answer:
The expected return of the stock E(R) is 8.5%.
The standard deviation of the returns is 22.7%
Explanation:
<u>Expected return</u>
The expected return of the stock can be calculated by multiplying the stock's expected return E(R) in each state of economy by the probability of that state.
The expected return E(R) = (0.4 * 0.1) + (0.2 * 0.6) + (-0.25 * 0.3)
The expected return E(R) = 0.04 + 0.12 -0.075 = 0.085 or 8.5%
<u>Standard Deviation of returns</u>
The standard deviation is a measure of total risk. It measures the volatility of the stock's expected return. The standard deviation (SD) of a stock's return can be calculated by using the following formula:
SD = √(rA - E(R))² * (pA) + (rB - E(R))² * (pB) + ... + (rN - E(R))² * (pN)
Where,
- rA, rB to rN is the return under event A, B to N.
- pA, pB to pN is the probability of these events to occur
- E(R) is the expected return of the stock
Here, the events are the state of economy.
So, SD = √(0.4 - 0.085)² * (0.1) + (0.2 - 0.085)² * (0.6) + (-0.25 - 0.085)² * (0.3)
SD = 0.22699 or 22.699% rounded off to 22.70%
I think i read the question right. I think they would be out $198
