Answer:
Here's what I get
Explanation:
You may have done a Williamson synthesis of guaifenesin by reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol.
A. Mechanism
Step 1
NaOH converts guaiacol into a phenoxide ion.
Step 2
The phenoxide acts as the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to displace the Cl from the alkyl halide.
B. Improve the yield
You probably carried out the reaction in ethanol solution — a polar protic solvent.
You might try doing the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent— perhaps DMSO.
A polar aprotic solvent does not hydrogen bond to nucleophiles, so they become stronger.
C. Another method of ether synthesis —dehydration of alcohols
Sulfuric acid catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to ethers.
This is also a nucleophilic displacement reaction.
Protonation of the OH converts it into a better leaving group.
Attack by a second molecule of alcohol forms the protonated ether.
A molecule of water then removes the proton.
Aspartame (C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅) is a solid used as an artificial sweetener. its combustion produces carbon dioxide gas, liquid water, and nitrogen gas
C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ + 16O₂-----> 14CO₂ + 9H₂O + N₂.
As it can be seen from the equation, that the coefficient of nitrogen gas in the balanced equation for the reaction is 1.
So the answer here is 1 only that is coefficient of nitrogen gas in the balanced equation for the reaction is 1.
The empirical formula is the simplest form of the formula expressed in the lowest ratio. In this case, we just have to divide each subscript by the greatest common factor. Hence.
a. CN
b. P2O5
c.N2O5
d.NaCl
e. C9H20
f. BH3
g.K2Cr2O7
h.AlB3
i.CH
j.SiCl4
Answer:
Explanation:
When there is difference between the concentration of the content of a cell and the solution surrounding the cell, there will be an Electrochemical gradient or Concentration gradient. Therefore, some solute will tend to move from the region of high concentration to the region of lower concentration through the cell membrane.
Such a movement is called Primary Active Transport
