Explanation:
The charge on an ion denotes the amount of electrons lost or gained or even shared by an atom.
An atom will lose, gain or share an equal amount of electrons that will make it stable and achieve an octet and perfect configuration.
This is often synonymous with the component number of electrons in their outermost shell. The valence shell.
For metals on the periodic table, they are always willing to give up electrons due to their large electropositivity.
Metals will give up the number of electrons in their outermost shell to become stable.
Groups 1 and Group 2 will have charges +1 and +2 on them.
For non-metals , they will gain the exact number of electrons that will make them stable. We must note that half -filled and fully filled orbitals are equally stable.
Elements in groups 6 and 7 are electronegative and will have a charge of -2 and -1 respectively.
For those in groups 3, 4 and 5 they either gain, lose or share commensurate amount of electrons that will make them stable.
Group 8 elements are stable and have no charges.
Generally on the periodic table, metals are to the left and are always positively charged. Non - metals are to the right and are negatively charged.
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Answer:
Gaseous
Explanation:
Gasses can move freely and do not form the shape of their containers
Liquids are more free than solids, but they conform to the shape of their container
Solids are not free
mass defect = mass of constituents - mass of atom
N has 7p and 9n
proton mass ~ 1.00728 amu
neutron mass ~ 1.00866 amu
electron mass ~ 0.000549 amu
Nitrogen mass ~ 14.003074 amu
mass defect = (7*1.00728)-(7*1.00866)-(7*0.000549)
- 14.003074
= 0.11235amu
convert to energy, the binding energy = 1.68x10^-11 J
Answer : Option B) Plant stomata opening and closing to maintain homeostasis.
Explanation : Claude Bernand was a French Physiologist who first discovered about "homeostasis" which is defined as the controlled stability of the internal milieu, or internal environment, of cells and tissues in plants.
In plants stomatal opening and closing was done for maintaining homeostasis with the external and internal plant environment.
i. The dissolution of PbSO₄ in water entails its ionizing into its constituent ions:
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ii. Given the dissolution of some substance
,
the Ksp, or the solubility product constant, of the preceding equation takes the general form
![K_{sp} = [B]^y [C]^z](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%20%5BB%5D%5Ey%20%5BC%5D%5Ez)
.
The concentrations of pure solids (like substance A) and liquids are excluded from the equilibrium expression.
So, given our dissociation equation in question i., our Ksp expression would be written as:
![K_{sp} = \mathrm{[Pb^{2+}] [SO_4^{2-}]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%20%5Cmathrm%7B%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D%20%5BSO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%5D%7D)
.
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iii. Presumably, what we're being asked for here is the <em>molar </em>solubility of PbSO4 (at the standard 25 °C, as Ksp is temperature dependent). We have all the information needed to calculate the molar solubility. Since the Ksp tells us the ratio of equilibrium concentrations of PbSO4 in solution, we can consider either [Pb2+] or [SO4^2-] as equivalent to our molar solubility (since the concentration of either ion is the extent to which solid PbSO4 will dissociate or dissolve in water).
We know that Ksp = [Pb2+][SO4^2-], and we are given the value of the Ksp of for PbSO4 as 1.3 × 10⁻⁸. Since the molar ratio between the two ions are the same, we can use an equivalent variable to represent both:
So, the molar solubility of PbSO4 is 1.1 × 10⁻⁴ mol/L. The answer is given to two significant figures since the Ksp is given to two significant figures.
