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3 years ago

The electric field direction is defined by the direction of the force felt by

Physics

1 answer:

RideAnS [48]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

By a positive charge

Explanation:

The electric field is a vector consisting of a magnitude and a direction.

- The magnitude of the field depends on the configuration of the field: for example, for the electric field produced by a single point charge, it is

$E=k\frac{q}{r^2}$

where k is the Coulomb's constant, q is the magnitude of the charge, r is the distance from the charge.

- The direction of the field corresponds to the force that a positive charge would feel in that field. For example, the electric field produced by a single-point positive charge points away from the charge itself: this is because a positive test charge placed in this field would feel a repulsive force, so it would move away from the source of the field. Vice-versa, the electric field produced by a single-point negative charge points towards the charge itself: this is because a positive test charge placed in this field would feel an attractive force, so it would move towards the source of the field.

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4.77 Augment the rectifier circuit of Problem 4.70 with a capacitor chosen to provide a peak-to-peak ripple voltage of (i) 10% o

goblinko [34]

The question incomplete! The complete question along with answer and explanation is provided below.

Question:

Augment the rectifier circuit of Problem 4.68 with a capacitor chosen to provide a peak-to-peak ripple voltage of (i) 10% of the peak output and (ii) 1% of the peak output. In each case:

(a) What average output voltage results?

(b) What fraction of the cycle does the diode conduct?

(d) What is the peak diode current?

Problem 4.68:

A half-wave rectifier circuit with a 1-kΩ load operates from a 120-V (rms) 60-Hz household supply through a 10-to-1 step-down transformer. It uses a silicon diode that can be modeled to have a 0.7-V drop for any current.

Given Information:

Input voltage = 120 Vrms

10 to 1 step-down transformer

Voltage drop at diode = 0.7 V

Load resistance = R = 1 kΩ

Required Information:

(i) 10% of the peak output and (ii) 1% of the peak output. In each case:

(a) What average output voltage results?

(b) What fraction of the cycle does the diode conduct?

(d) What is the peak diode current?

Answer:

Case (i)

Vavg = 15.45 V

Conduction of diode = 7.11 %

Iavg = 0.232 A

Ip = 0.449 A

Case (ii)

Vavg = 16.18 V

Conduction of diode = 2.25 %

Iavg = 0.735 A

Ip = 1.453 A

Explanation:

Voltage at the secondary side of the transformer is

Vrms = Vpri/turn ratio

Vrms = 120/10 = 12 V

The relation between rms voltage and peak voltage is

Vp = Vrms/√2

Vp = 12√2 = 16.97 V

Vd = 0.7 V

First we will calculate all the required parameters for the 10% ripple voltage and then for 1% ripple voltage.

case (i) 10% of the peak output:

(a) What average output voltage results?

Average output voltage = Vavg = Vp - Vd - 0.5Vr

Where Vp is the peak output voltage Vd is the voltage drop of diode and Vr is the ripple voltage which is given as a percentage of Vp

Vavg = Vp - Vd - 0.5Vr

Vavg = 16.97 - 0.7 - 0.5[0.1(16.97 - 0.7)]

Vavg = 15.45 V

(b) What fraction of the cycle does the diode conduct?

ω = √2Vr/Vp - Vd

ω = √2*0.1(Vp-Vd)/Vp - Vd

ω = √2*0.1(16.97-0.7)/16.97 - 0.7

ω = 0.447 rad

Conduction of diode = (ω/2π)*100

Conduction of diode = (0.447/2π)*100

Conduction of diode = 7.11 %

(c) What is the average diode current?

Average current = Iavg = Vavg/R[ 1 + π( √2(Vp - Vd)/0.1(Vp-Vd))]

Average current = Iavg = 15.45/1000[ 1 + π( √2(16.97 - 0.7)/0.1(16.97-0.7))]

Average current = Iavg = 0.232 A

(d) What is the peak diode current?

Peak current = Ip = Vavg/R[ 1 + 2π( √2(Vp - Vd)/0.1(Vp-Vd))]

Peak current = Ip = 15.45/1000[ 1 + 2π( √2(16.97 - 0.7)/0.1(16.97-0.7))]

Peak current = Ip = 0.449 A

case (ii) 1% of the peak output:

(a) What average output voltage results?

Vavg = 16.97 - 0.7 - 0.5[0.01(16.97 - 0.7)]

Vavg = 16.18 V

(b) What fraction of the cycle does the diode conduct?

ω = √2*0.01(Vp-Vd)/Vp - Vd

ω = √2*0.01(16.97-0.7)/16.97 - 0.7

ω = 0.1417 rad

Conduction of diode = (0.1417/2π)*100

Conduction of diode = 2.25 %

(c) What is the average diode current?

Average current = Iavg = 16.18/1000[ 1 + π( √2(16.97 - 0.7)/0.01(16.97-0.7))]

Average current = Iavg = 0.735 A

(d) What is the peak diode current?

Peak current = Ip = 16.18/1000[ 1 + 2π( √2(16.97 - 0.7)/0.01(16.97-0.7))]

Peak current = Ip = 1.453 A

3 0

3 years ago

The launching velocity of a missile is 20.0 m/s, and it is shot at 53º above the horizontal. What is the vertical component of t

Lyrx [107]

Given that

Velocity of missile (v) = 20 m/s ,

Angle of missile (Θ) = 53°

Determine , Vertical component = v sin Θ

= 20 sin 53°

= 15.97 m/s

6 0

4 years ago

Round to three significant figures.<br> 0.0785584 rounds to

Elan Coil [88]

Answer:

0.0786

Explanation:

zero after the decimal place is not a significant figure since it comes before the real integer "7".

"5 " in ten thousandth place is rounded off to "6" because the next digit is also another "5",

so we get the three sfg 0.0786

8 0

3 years ago

A gecko crawls vertically up and down a wall. Its motion is shown on the following graph of vertical position yyy vs. time ttt.

earnstyle [38]

Answer:

gfdvcfffddfgffffdrddgfddddghtscgvfrggxfhxdg

4 0

3 years ago

A machine is designed to fill jars with 16 ounces of coffee. A consumer suspects that the machine is not filling the jars comple

babunello [35]

Answer:

a) Null hypothesis: $\mu \geq 16$

Alternative hypothesis : $\mu$

b) $t=\frac{15.6-16}{\frac{0.3}{\sqrt{8}}}=-3.77$

$p_v =P(t_{(7)}$

If we compare the p value and the significance level given $\alpha=0.1$ we see that $p_v$ so we can conclude that we have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

c) We can conclude that the mean is significantly less than 16 ounces at 10% of significance. so then the consumer suspect is correct.

Explanation:

Data given and notation

$\bar X=15.6$ represent the mean for the sample

$s=0.3$ represent the sample standard deviation

$n=8$ sample size

$\mu_o =16$ represent the value that we want to test

$\alpha=0.1$ represent the significance level for the hypothesis test.

t would represent the statistic (variable of interest)

$p_v$ represent the p value for the test (variable of interest)

State the null and alternative hypotheses.

Is a one tailed left test.

What are H0 and Ha for this study?

Null hypothesis: $\mu \geq 16$

Alternative hypothesis : $\mu$

The degrees of freedom on this case are:

$df=n-1=8-1=7$

Compute the test statistic

The statistic for this case is given by:

$t=\frac{\bar X-\mu_o}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n}}}$ (1)

t-test: "Is used to compare group means. Is one of the most common tests and is used to determine if the mean is (higher, less or not equal) to an specified value".

Calculate the statistic

We can replace in formula (1) the info given like this:

$t=\frac{15.6-16}{\frac{0.3}{\sqrt{8}}}=-3.77$

Give the appropriate conclusion for the test

Since is a one side left tailed test the p value would be:

$p_v =P(t_{(7)}$

Conclusion

If we compare the p value and the significance level given $\alpha=0.1$ we see that $p_v$ so we can conclude that we have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

We can conclude that the mean is significantly less than 16 ounces at 10% of significance. so then the consumer suspect is correct.

3 0

3 years ago