Consider a closed containing a solid in equilibrium with its vapor. The volume of the solid is much less than that of the contai
ner. Let the partition function of the solid be given by Q-qss where Ns is the number of molecules in the solid phase. Minimize the total Helmholtz free energy at fixed N,V, and T, and show that the equilibrium condition is given by Ng=qo/q2 where Ng is the number of gas phase molecules and qg is the partition function of a gas phase molecule.
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"Charles Law" is the relationship between "volume-temperature" (V ∝ T).
<u>Explanation</u>:
Charles Law is basically volume-temperature relationship (V ∝ T). French scientist “Jacques Charles” in 1787 studied effect of temperature on the volume of gases at constant pressure, which described how gases manage to expand when heated. Law stated as “At constant pressure, the volume of a given "mass" of a gas decreases or increases by 1/273 of its volume at for each one degree rise or fall in temperature”. Formula derived from law is as follows:
here
is volume of given mass of a gas at
,
is its volume at any temperature
. Application of Charles law is hot air balloons.