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<span>Cytotoxic t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat intracellular pathogens, whereas helper t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat extracellular pathogens.
</span>Cytotoxic t-cell are CD8+ cells. Cytotoxic t-cell uses granzymes to <span>kill </span><span>intracellular bacteria, that lives in the cytosol such as viruses. They identify the pathogen forgein peptids that are bounded to MHC-I on the cell surface.
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cd4+ T helper (Th) cells include Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. They contribute to aliergic reactions and fighting extracellular parasites.
Answer:
Genetic counseling
Explanation:
If an individual suspected an inherited disorder(usually dangerous) in the parents, or partner's family and wish to <u>find out or investigate the pattern of inheritance,</u> or t<u>he likelihood of manifesting this conditions later in life</u>,<u> or the chances of the partner passing this down to their offspring</u>, then the expert to visit is a genetic Counsellor, while the term to describe the genetic enquires is called genetic counseling. The Counsellor also provides the necessary emotional support that the investigator may need after the discovery.
<u>Besides the above reason, Genetic counseling is also important for</u>
1.How and when to plan a baby ,if the birth is suspetabe to a disorder
2.the type of genetic screening test to go for,
3. how to protect the child and the mother during pregnancy,incase a disorder is already present,
4. to understand family history and to secure the future of the marriage.
5. the necessary safety and curative measures to give the child after birth.
Genetic Counsellors are certified expert with additional master degree in Genetic counseling.
Answer:
Mammals are more closely related to birds because they share a more recent common ancestor.
Explanation:
A tree diagram that represents hypothesised phylogenetic relationship illustrating evolutionary relationships among various entities (most often taxonomic groups) that are known to share a common ancestor.
An ancestors is one from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a forefather.
B. Mammals are more closely related to birds because they share a more recent common ancestor
The main substances produced in cellular respiration according to the summarized equation of cellular respiration would be Carbon dioxide, water and ATP. Energy.
