Assumptions:
- Steady state.
- Air as working fluid.
- Ideal gas.
- Reversible process.
- Ideal Otto Cycle.
Explanation:
Otto cycle is a thermodynamic cycle widely used in automobile engines, in which an amount of gas (air) experiences changes of pressure, temperature, volume, addition of heat, and removal of heat. The cycle is composed by (following the P-V diagram):
- Intake <em>0-1</em>: the mass of working fluid is drawn into the piston at a constant pressure.
- Adiabatic compression <em>1-2</em>: the mass of working fluid is compressed isentropically from State 1 to State 2 through compression ratio (r).

- Ignition 2-3: the volume remains constant while heat is added to the mass of gas.
- Expansion 3-4: the working fluid does work on the piston due to the high pressure within it, thus the working fluid reaches the maximum volume through the compression ratio.

- Heat Rejection 4-1: heat is removed from the working fluid as the pressure drops instantaneously.
- Exhaust 1-0: the working fluid is vented to the atmosphere.
If the system produces enough work, the automobile and its occupants will propel. On the other hand, the efficiency of the Otto Cycle is defined as follows:

where:

Ideal air is the working fluid, as stated before, for which its specific heat ratio can be considered constant.

Answer:
See image attached.
A diagram showing a use case diagrams for these requirements is given in the image attached.
<h3>What is system
Case diagram?</h3>
A use case diagram is known to be a kind of graphical illustration of a users in terms of their various possible association or interactions within any given system.
A use case diagram in banking can be used to prepare, depict and also to know all the functional requirements of the banking system.
Therefore, Give the use case specification for the banking system services and paying a bill online is given in the image attached.
Learn more about Case diagram from
brainly.com/question/12975184
#SPJ1
Answer:
No, they need to be somewhat flexible so that forces such as turbulance don't shear the wing off.
Answer:
// Program is written in C++
// Comments are used to explain some lines
// Only the required function is written. The main method is excluded.
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int divSum(int num)
{
// The next line declares the final result of summation of divisors. The variable declared is also
//initialised to 0
int result = 0;
// find all numbers which divide 'num'
for (int i=2; i<=(num/2); i++)
{
// if 'i' is divisor of 'num'
if (num%i==0)
{
if (i==(num/i))
result += i; //add divisor to result
else
result += (i + num/i); //add divisor to result
}
}
cout<<result+1;
}