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Karo-lina-s [1.5K]
3 years ago
6

Un tecnico di laboratorio deve preparare una soluzione di carbonato di sodio decaidrato, Na2CO3⋅ 10 H2O per eseguire alcune anal

isi. (Le 10 molecole di acqua rappresentano acqua di cristallizzazione che fanno parte della sostanza.) Il responsabile di laboratorio scrive velocemente su un foglio di carta le seguenti indicazioni: Prepara 250 mL di soluzione 0,0500 M di carbonato di sodio decaidrato, Na2CO3⋅⋅⋅⋅ 10 H2O per pesata, preparane poi 100 mL 0,0250 M per diluizione della prima.
Chemistry
1 answer:
fiasKO [112]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

1.  3.70 g Na₂CO₃·10H₂O

2. 50.0 mL of the first solution

Explanation:

1. Prepare the solution

(a) Calculate the molar mass of Na₂CO₃·10H₂O

\begin{array}{rrr}\textbf{Atoms} &\textbf{M}_{\textbf{r}} & \textbf{Mass/u}\\\text{2Na} & 2\times22.99 & 45.98\\\text{1C} & 1\times 12.01 & 12.01\\\text{13O}&13 \times16.00 & 208.00\\\text{20H}&20 \times 1.008 & 20.16\\&\text{TOTAL =} & \mathbf{286.15}\\\end{array}

The molar mass of Na₂CO₃·10H₂O is 286.15 g/mol.

(b) Calculate the moles of Na₂CO₃·10H₂O

\text{Moles of Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}\cdot$10H$_{2}$O}\\= \text{0.250 L solution} \times \dfrac{\text{0.0500 mol Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}\cdot$10H$_{2}$O}}{\text{1 L solution}}\\\\= \text{0.0125 mol Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}\cdot$10H$_{2}$O}

(c) Calculate the mass of Na₂CO₃·10H₂O

\text{Mass of Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}\cdot$10H$_{2}$O }\\= \text{0.012 50 mol Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}\cdot$10H$_{2}$O } \times \dfrac{\text{296.15 g Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}\cdot$10H$_{2}$O}}{\text{1 mol Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}\cdot$10H$_{2}$O}}\\\\= \text{3.70 g Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}\cdot$10H$_{2}$O}\\\text{You need $\large \boxed{\textbf{3.70 g}}$ of Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}\cdot$10H$_{2}$O}

2. Dilute the solution

We can use the dilution formula to calculate the volume needed.

V₁c₁ = V₂c₂

Data:

V₁ = ?;            c₁ = 0.0500 mol·L⁻¹

V₂ = 100 mL; c₂ = 0.0250 mol·L⁻¹

Calculation:

\begin{array}{rcl}V_{1}c_{1} & = & V_{2}c_{2}\\V_{1}\times \text{0.0500 mol/L} & = & \text{100 mL} \times\text{0.0250 mol/L}\\0.0500V_{1}& = & \text{2.500 mL}\\V_{1}&=& \dfrac{\text{2.500 mL}}{0.0500}\\\\& = &  \text{50.0 mL}\\\end{array}\\\text{You need $\large \boxed{\textbf{50.0 mL}}$ of the concentrated solution.}

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What is a product for 4 reaction type?
Crank

Answer:

1= 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

2=CaCo₃ + heat → CaO +CO₂

3=CH₄ + 2O₂   → CO₂ +2H₂O

4=HCl + NaOH   → NaCl + H₂O

Explanation:

1 = Simple composition

The formation of water molecule is simple composition reaction. In this reaction two hydrogen atoms react with one oxygen atom and form one water molecules.

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

The amount of energy released is -285.83 KJ/mol. It is exothermic reaction.

2 = Simple decomposition reaction:

The break down of sodium hydrogen carbonate into sodium carbonate, carbondioxide and water is decomposition reaction. The decomposition reactions re mostly endothermic, because compound required energy to break.

2NaHCO₃ + heat → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

It is endothermic reaction.

Another example is:

CaCo₃ + heat → CaO +CO₂

3 = Combustion reaction

Consider the combustion of methane:

CH₄ + 2O₂   → CO₂ +2H₂O

The burning of methane is exothermic. The combustion reactions are exothermic because when fuel are burns they gives energy.

4 = Neutralization reaction

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Consider the neutralization reaction of HCl and NaOH.

HCl + NaOH   → NaCl + H₂O

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Answer:

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Explanation:

We can get the answer through calculations as follows.

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The number of moles of carbon iv oxide is 10.3/44 = 0.2341

Since there is only one carbon atom in CO2, the number of moles of carbon is same as above

The mass of carbon in the compound is simply the number of moles multiplied by the atomic mass unit. The atomic mass unit of carbon is 12. The mass of carbon in the compound is thus 12 * 0.2341= 2.8091

From the number of moles of water, we can get the number of moles of hydrogen. To get the number of moles of water, we need to divide the mass of water by its molar mass. Its molar mass is 18g/mol. The number of moles here is thus 4.2/18 = 0.2333

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The mass of oxygen equals the mass of the compound minus that of hydrogen and that of carbon.

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The number of moles of oxygen is the mass of oxygen divided by its atomic mass unit.

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The empirical formula can be obtained by dividing the number of moles of each by the smallest which is that of oxygen

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O = 0.0577625/0.0577625 = 1

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