Freezing
Explanation:
This change in state when surface of a lake changes to hard ice is known as freezing.
- When a solid is heated, it melts and changes to a liquid. On further heating, it changes to vapor and the randomness increases.
- When a liquid is cooled below its freezing point, it changes to a solid such as ice for water.
- The phase change is known as freezing.
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Answer:
D.) Nitrogen and Hydrogen are very stable bonds compared to the bonds of ammonia.
Explanation:
For the reaction:
3H₂(g) + N₂(g) → 2NH₃(g)
The enthalpy change is ΔH = -92kJ
This enthalpy change is defined as the enthalpy of products - the enthalpy of reactants. As the enthalpy is <0, The enthalpy of products is <em>lower </em>than the enthalpy of reactants.
Also, it is possible to obtain the enthalpy change from the bond energies of products - bond energies of reactants, thus, The total bond energies of products are <em>lower</em> than the total bond energies of reactants.
The rate of the reaction couldn't be determined using ΔH.
As the bond energy of ammonia is lower than bonds of nitrogen and hydrogen, <em>D. Nitrogen and Hydrogen are very stable bonds compared to the bonds of ammonia.</em>
I hope it helps!
Explanation:
Any orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin. The first shell has one 1s orbital and holds 2 electrons. The second shell holds 8 electrons; 2 in a 2s orbital and 6 in three 2p orbitals. The third shell holds 18 electrons; 2 in a 3s orbital; 6 in three 3p orbitals; and 10 in five 3d orbitals.
Answer:
The correct answer is "Electrons are transferred in an ionic bond"
Explanation:
The covalent bond is the chemical bond between atoms where electrons are shared, forming a molecule. Covalent bonds are established between non-metallic elements, such as hydrogen H, oxygen O and chlorine Cl. These elements have many electrons in their outermost level (valence electrons) and have a tendency to gain electrons to acquire the stability of the electronic structure of noble gas. The shared electron pair is common to the two atoms and holds them together.
An ionic bond is produced between metallic and non-metallic atoms, where electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. During this process, one atom loses electrons and another one gains them, forming ions. Usually, the metal gives up its electrons forming a cation to the nonmetal element, which forms an anion.
In conclusion, chemical bonds are made so that atoms can have their entire outer layer, and thus have a stable electronic configuration. In the ionic bond, when the metallic atom has only one electron in its outer layer and the non-metallic one needs an electron to complete its layer; The metallic atom seats its electron to the non-metallic one. In the same way, the electron is shared in the covalent bond in order to achieve equilibrium.
Then, the main differences between the two bonds are that the ionic bond occurs between two different atoms (metallic and non-metallic), while the covalent bond occurs between two equal atoms (non-metallic). And in the covalent bond there is an electron compartment, while in the ionic bond there is an electron transfer.
So, the correct answer is "Electrons are transferred in an ionic bond"
