Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are part of almost all major cellular signaling pathways. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that regulate the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. Protein kinase A or cAMP-dependent protein kinase mediates most cAMP effects in the cell. Over the last 25 years, various components of this group of molecules have been involved in human diseases, both genetic and acquired. Lately, the PDEs attract more attention. The pharmacological exploitation of the PDE’s ability to regulate cGMP and cAMP, and through them, a variety of signaling pathways, has led to a number of new drugs for diverse applications from the treatment of erectile dysfunction to heart failure, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We present the abstracts (available online) and selected articles from the proceedings of a meeting that took place at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, June 8–10, 2011.
Answer:
Explanation:
= Initial volume = 100 mL
= Final volume = 1000 mL
= Initial concentration = 0.5 M
= Final concentration
We have the relation
The new concentration is .
Answer:
d = 0.992 g/L
Explanation:
Data Given:
Pressure of nitric oxide (NO) = 0.866 atm
Temperature of a gas = 46.2° C
Convert the temperature to kelvin = 46.2° C + 273
temperature in kelvin = 319.2 K
density of nitric oxide (NO) = ?
Solution:
Density of a gas can be calculated by
d = PM /RT
Where
d = density
P = Pressure
M = molar mass of gas
R = ideal gas constant = 0.0821 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹
T = temperature
So,
Molar mass of NO = 30 g/mol
Put values in the formula:
d = PM /RT
d = 0.866 atm × 30 g/mol / 0.0821 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ × 319.2 K
d = 25.98 atm. g/mol / 26.2 L atm mol⁻¹
d = 0.992 g/L
Answer:
Slide a magnet through the mixture. When you take the magnet off, the iron filings are going to be attracted to the magnet and the sand will stay in the bowl
Explanation:
