Answer:
8.18 × 10 ⁻²¹.
Explanation:
The potential energy may be defined as the energy stored in the rest objects. This energy is important for the maintenance of the concentration gradient in the cell.
The change in the potential energy can be calculated as follows:
W = v2-v1 × q.
Here, the charge of the proton is considered because k+ ions has been used.
W= 0 - ( - 70. 5 mV) × 1.602 * 10^-19 C.
W= 8.18 × 10 ⁻²¹J.
Thus, the answer is 8.18 × 10 ⁻²¹.
Function of an enzyme is to lower reaction's activation energy and to increase speed of a reaction, but to make it happen, enzyme and substrate must fit spatially. The shape of an enzyme is essential to make enzyme-substrate complex - if active site of an enzyme doesn't fit to substrate, there won't be a enzyme-catalised reaction.
Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
C. The liquid in Beaker A is not as dense as the liquid in Beaker B.
I’m not sure but I think the answer is B or D
