Answer:In astronomy, geography, and related sciences and contexts, a direction or plane passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point. [1] Conversely, a direction or plane is said to be horizontal if it is perpendicular to the vertical direction. In general, something that is vertical can be drawn from up to down (or down to up), such as the y-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Contents
1 Historical definition
2 Geophysical definition
2.1 The plumb line and spirit level
2.2 The flat earth approximation
2.3 The spherical Earth
2.4 Further complications
2.5 Walls and floors
2.6 Independence of horizontal and vertical motions
3 Mathematical definition
3.1 In two dimensions
3.2 In three dimensions
3.3 In the classroom
4 Discussion
4.1 Practical use in daily life
5 See also
6 References and notes
7 Further reading
8 External links
Historical definition
Girard Desargues defined the vertical to be perpendicular to the horizon in his 1636 book Perspective.
The word horizontal is derived from horizon,[2] whereas vertical originates in the late Latin verticalis, which is from the same root as vertex, meaning "highest point".[3]
Geophysical definition
Further information: Gravity of Earth and Figure of Ea
Explanation:
Answer:
Hope this helps
Explanation:
These are called quantum numbers: there are 4, but the first three are mainly used, only in orbital notation will you use all four.
The first is the electron's energy level or "shell", used as n. (Principle QN)
The second relates to the shape of the orbital and is used as l, when n and l are put together it defines the sublevel or subshell. (Angular Momentum QN)
The third one relates to the orientation of the electrons in that sublevel used as m(sub)l. (Magnetic QN)
The fourth one relates to the spin states of the electron, since they spin opposite directions, used as m(sub)s. (Electron Spin QN)
A. The most reactive Non-metals are found at the top of Group 17 (Halogens) in the form of Fluorine and Chlorine
Answer:
Explanation:
Based on the scenario being described it seems that this is due to the later ionization energies, namely the 2nd, 3rd etc... seem to be much higher than the first. Therefore this causes an excess amount of energy to be used in order to remove the electrons, thus causing less energy to be left after the process is over. This would be the best explanation for this behavior.
4. density, temperature, surface tension.
7. extensive properties- uses mass and volume depends on tbe amount of substance present.