If you are referring to stars, the answer would then be pressure from the nuclear reactions
The thermal pressure that pushes outward and against the pull of gravity in a star is caused by the nuclear reactions that is happening within the stars core. A lot of energy is released during these reactions which produce thermal pressure. The pressure then pushes outward.
Click the ask a question button or answer button then at the bottom above the keyboard there are two little icons. A camera lens and a Mountain View. If you click the camera lens you can take a picture to post and if you click the Mountain View it will give you the option to post a picture from your photos.
B) 48.0 m/s
We can actually start to solve the problem from B for simplicity.
The motion of the rock is a uniformly accelerated motion (free fall), so we can find the final speed using the following suvat equation

where
is the final velocity
is the initial velocity (positive since we take downward as positive direction)
is the acceleration of gravity
s = 110 m is the vertical displacement
Solving for v, we find the final velocity (and so, the speed of the rock at impact):

A) 3.67 s
Now we can find the time of flight of the rock by using the following suvat equation

where
is the final velocity at the moment of impact
is the initial velocity
is the acceleration of gravity
t is the time it takes for the rock to reach the ground
And solving for t, we find

A surface wave is a wave in which particles of the medium undergo a circular motion.
Perilymph of scala vestibule; endolymph of cochlear duct; perilymph of scala tympani