I attached the full question.
We know that for a parallel-plate capacitor the surface charge density is given by the following formula:

Where V is the voltage between the plates and d is separation.
Voltage is by definition:

Voltage is analog to the mechanical work done by the force.
Above formula is correct only If the field is constant, and we can assume that it is since no function has been given.
The charge density would then be:

Please note that elecric permittivity of air is very close to elecric permittivity of vacum, it is common to use them <span>interchangeably</span>.
Answer:
Refraction
Explanation:
When light passes from a rarer medium into a denser medium, it bends in the medium away from the normal. This creates the phenomenon of "apparent depth" as given in the question.
These applications DO NOT INVOLVE harmful ionizing energy:
- MRI
- ultrasound
- laser surgery
I already answered this quesiton. The fact is that there are only two kind of poles and since the two taped poles of the magnets labeled A and B attracts one to each other, we know that the two taped poles of the first two magnets are oppsosite.
Then, the taped pole of the third magnet has to be equal to one of the first two taped poles and opposite to the other of the first two taped poles.
That drives you to conclude (predict) that when she brings the taped end of the third magnet (magnet C) near each of the first two magntes, in one case they will attract each other and in the other case they will repele mutually.