The hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules account for some of the essential and unique properties of water. The attraction created by hydrogen bonds keepswater liquid over a wider range of temperature than is found for any other molecule its size.
Hope this helped!
Answer:
Scientists seek to eliminate all forms of bias from their research. However, all scientists also make assumptions of a non-empirical nature about topics such as causality, determinism and reductionism when conducting research. Here, we argue that since these 'philosophical biases' cannot be avoided, they need to be debated critically by scientists and philosophers of science.
Explanation:
Scientists are keen to avoid bias of any kind because they threaten scientific ideals such as objectivity, transparency and rationality. The scientific community has made substantial efforts to detect, explicate and critically examine different types of biases (Sackett, 1979; Ioannidis, 2005; Ioannidis, 2018; Macleod et al., 2015). One example of this is the catalogue of all the biases that affect medical evidence compiled by the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine at Oxford University (catalogueofbias.org). Such awareness is commonly seen as a crucial step towards making science objective, transparent and free from bias.
Answer:
Argon {Ar}
Explanation:
The noble gas used for a condensed electron configuration is the one before the element which you are configuring.
In this case, the element (Mn) is manganese
The noble gas that is before this element is Argon which is the row above it
so your configuration would be {Ar} 3d^5 4s^2
Although you have not provided the circled electron, I can help you with a wide explanation.
1) Atomic number of manganese is 25. That means that it has 25 protons and 25 electrons.
2) Those 25 electrons are distributed (electron configuration) as per the quantum rules:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁵
3) The most reasonable is that you have been asked to give the possible quantum numbers for an electron in the 4s or 3d.
4) Those are 7 electrons and these are their possible sets of quantum numbers:
i) For the two electrons in 4s:
n is the main energy level so n = 4
l tells the kind of orbital, which is s, so l = 0
ml is also 0 (it can be from -l to + l, so given that l i s0, ml is 0)
ms: one is +/12 and the other is -1/2 (this is the spin number).
ii) For the 5 electrons in 3d
n = 3
l can be 0, 1, or 2
if l = 0, then ml = 0
if l = 1, then ml can be -1, 0 , or 1 (from - l to + l)
ms can be either +1/2 or - 1/2 (spin)
1.3 x 10^21 atoms Na is 4.63230769231 mol Na
4.63230769231 mol Na * 23g/mol Na = 106.543076923g
