Answer: Ions result from atoms or molecules that have gained or lost one or more valence electrons, giving them a positive or negative charge. Those with a negative charge are called anions and those with a positive charge are called cations. Cations (positively-charged ions) and anions (negatively-charged ions) are formed when a metal loses electrons, and a nonmetal gains those electrons. ... And all of them form an anion with a single negative charge. The VIA elements gain two electrons to form anions with a 2- charge.
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Anions are solvated in protic hydrogen-bonding solvents (such as ethanol). Consequently, nucleophiles are less reactive. Since soft nucleophiles are less strongly solvated than hard nucleophiles, these solvents boost the relative reactivity of soft anions.
<h3>
Ethanol is either a nucleophile or a base.</h3>
The ethanol is a base Because carbocation is an extremely reactive species, a base or nucleophile as weak as ethanol can replace or remove it. SN1 and E1 would not be conceivable without the carbocation or a strong departing group.
<h3>How do solvents impact anionic nucleophile's reactivity?</h3>
In polar aprotic solvents, nucleophilic substitution reactions of anionic nucleophiles often proceed more quickly. The normal relative reactivity order in such solvents (like DMSO)is Anions are solvated in protic hydrogen-bonding solvents (such as ethanol). Consequently, nucleophiles are less reactive.
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Answer:
[Cr(NH3)6.]C13
Explanation:
Alfred Werner's coordination theory (1893) recognized two kinds of valency;
Primary valency which are nondirectional and secondary valency which are directional.
Hence, the number of counter ions precipitated from a complex depends on the primary valency of the central metal ion in the complex.
We must note that it is only these counter ions that occur outside the coordination sphere that can be precipitated by AgNO3.
If we consider the options carefully, only [Cr(NH3)6.]C13 possess counter ions outside the coordination sphere which can be precipitated when treated with aqueous AgNO3.
A second order reaction varies with the square of the concentration of the reactant. Therefore, halving the concentration will reduce the rate of reaction by a factor of 4.
The answer is E.
Strong internolecurar forces (A) hope it helps
