The correct answer is option A.
All the particles carry the same charge, which could be either positive or negative.
All the particles of substance X will have same charge on its surface, which is balanced by the oppositely charged ions in the water.
For example, soap solution (sodium palmitate) dissociates into ions:
C₁₅H₁₁COONa --> C₁₅H₁₁COO⁻ + Na⁺
The cations (Na⁺) passes into the water while the anions (C₁₅H₁₁COO⁻) form aggregates or colloids.
(1) a beta particle is your answer. Na-24 decays through beta decay, turning a neutron into a proton, electron (beta particle), and an neutrino.
First figure out how many grams must freeze and then convert the grams to moles.
<span>Hf = -334 J/g. Convert this to KJ/g by dividing by 1000. (There are 1000 Joules in a kJ). </span>
<span>Hf = -334 J/g ÷ 1000 J/kj = -0.334 kJ/g </span>
<span>Now, divide 100 kJ by -0.334 kJ/g (see how the units are lining up?) </span>
<span>100 kJ ÷ -0.334 kJ/g = 299 g </span>
<span>Now convert this to moles by dividing by the molecular weight of water (18.0g/mole). </span>
<span>299 ÷ 18.0 = 16.6 moles </span>
