Consider the reaction that occurs when copper is added to nitric acid. Upper C u (s) plus 4 upper H upper N upper O subscript 3
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Explanation:
Ethanol can be oxidized to ethanal or acetaldehyde which is further oxidized to acid that is acetic acid.
→
[oxidation by loss of hydrogen]
- An oxidizing agent potassium dichromate(VI) solution is used to remove the hydrogen from the ethanol.
- An oxidizing agent used along with dilute sulphuric acid for acidification.
Acetaldehyde can also be reduced back to ethanol again by adding hydrogen to it by using a reducing agent that is sodium tetrahydro borate, NaBH4.
- The oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids can be done by the two-step process.
- In the first step, one molecule of water is added in the presence of a catalyst that is acidic.
- There is a generation of a hydrate. (geminal 1,1-diol).
→
[reduction by the gain of electrons]
Here, the oxidizing agent used is in the presence of acetone.