Approximately of steam at (assuming that the boiling point of water in this experiment is .)
Explanation:
Latent heat of condensation/evaporation of water: .
Both mass values in this question are given in grams. Hence, convert the specific heat values from this question to .
Specific heat of water: .
Specific heat of copper: .
The temperature of this calorimeter and the of water that it initially contains increased from to . Calculate the amount of energy that would be absorbed:
.
.
Hence, it would take an extra of energy to increase the temperature of the calorimeter and the of water that it initially contains from to .
Assume that it would take grams of steam at ensure that the equilibrium temperature of the system is .
In other words, of steam at would need to release as it condenses (releases latent heat) and cools down to .
Latent heat of condensation from of steam: .
Energy released when that of water from the steam cools down from to :
.
These two parts of energy should add up to . That would be exactly what it would take to raise the temperature of the calorimeter and the water that it initially contains from to .
.
Solve for :
.
Hence, it would take approximately of steam at for the equilibrium temperature of the system to be .
Litmus paper gives the user a general indication of acidity or alkalinity as it correlates to the shade of red or blue that the paper turns.
To test the pH of a substance, dip a strip of litmus paper into the solution or use a dropper or pipette to drip a small amount of solution onto the litmus paper.
Blue litmus paper can indicate an acid with a pH between 4 and 5 or lower.
Red litmus paper can show a base with a pH greater than 8.
If a solution has a pH between 5 and 8, it will show little color change on the litmus paper.
A base tested with blue litmus paper will not show any color change, nor will an acid tested with red litmus paper register a change in color.
Reflection: a change in direction of a wave at a boundary between two different media. sentence: i saw my reflection in the mirror.
refraction: the bending of light as it passes from one transparent substance into another. sentence: when light goes through glass, it’s a refraction.
diffraction: the bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle. sentence: spaced tracks on a CD act as a diffraction.
absorption: the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another. sentence: heat waves hitting the beach usually give most of their energy to the sand.
interference: when two waves lay on each other and their energies are either added together or cancelled out. sentence: interference waves can be observed with all types of waves.
standing wave: two waves moving in opposite directions. they both have the same amplitude or frequency. sentence: plucking the string of a guitar is an example of standing waves.
resonance: increased amplitude that occurs when the frequency of a force is equal or close to a natural frequency. sentence:a buzz in your car that only occurs at a certain speed is an example or resonance.