Answer:
1) HCl contains the Cl^- which is a good nucleophile
2) 2-methyl-2- heptanol > 2-heptanol > 1-heptanol
3) see image attached
Explanation:
If the dehydration of alcohols is carried out using HCl, the chloride ion which is a good nucleophile will attack the substrate to yield an undesirable product.
The dehydration of alcohols is an E1 reaction. Recall that the ease of E1 reaction increases in the order 3°> 2°> 1°. Hence, 2-methyl-2- heptanol forms a tertiary carbocation intermediate during dehydration and has the greatest ease of dehydration.
The three products formed during the dehydration of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol are shown in the image attached. Two out of the three are formed by rearrangement reactions.
Atomic radius atomic number ionization energy and then electronegativity
There’s no picture if you meant to add a picture
M1 = 17.45 M
M2 = 0.83 M
V2 = 250 ml
M1. V1= M2. V2
V1 = (M2. V2)/M1 = (0.83× 250)/ 17.45= 11.89 ml