When a single copy of a disease allele doesn't result in a disease but instead is good for the person or organism that carries it, we say that allele has a heterozygote advantage. In other words this occurs when heterozyhotes have increased fitness over both homozygotes. A good example is sickcle cell trait, which protects against malaria in heterozygotes, but causes a deadly disease in homozygotes.
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Phage particles can be used directly carrying the vaccine antigens expressed on their surfaces. But in case of DNA vaccines the sequences that are essential for the vaccine antigen synthesis are incorporated into the phage genome and the phage would then act as vehicle for the delivery of DNA vaccine [13].
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A "12-cup" US coffeemaker makes 57.6 US customary fluid ounces of coffee, which is equal to 6.8 metric cups of coffee.
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This relationship between the plant and the animal represents mutualistic symbiosis; they have a symbiotic relationship which is mutualistic.
Plants benefit by having their seeds dispersed to farther areas when animals eat their nutritious fruits. So, animals gain from the plants since they are able to attain nourishment for themselves. Both benefit from each other at the same time when an action is done, and so, their relationship is mutual.
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