Chromatography is used in purification. Drugs analysts may use the technique to separate the active molecule in a drug molecule, for efficacy or toxicity analysis, from the other drug components.
Explanation:
Chromatography is used to separate a mixture of different components based on the size of their molecules. In liquid chromatography, the mixture is dissolved in a solvent that acts as the mobile phase and then passed along a stationary phase with different kinds of pores, As the mixture passes through the pores, their different components are separated because they take different times to pass through the stationary phase because of their different rates in passing through the pores.
In gas chromatography, a gas is used as a mobile phase while a liquid is used as the stationary phase.
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It depends on the process.
Like for example if the process is isothermal(temperature is constant), you can use,
PV = constant or P1V1 = P2V2 where P1V1 are initial conditions and P2V2 are final.
For adiabatic process,
PV^gamma = constant or P1V1 ^gamma = P2V2 ^gamma.
where gamma = Cp
------
Cv
Cp = specific heat at constant pressure and Cv = specific at constant volume.
Value of Gamma will be given in question.
Hope this helps!
PH = -log([H+])
[H+] = 10^(-pH)
[H+] = 10^(-9)
[H+][OH-] = Kw
Kw = 1.0*10^-14 at 25 degrees celsius.
[OH-] = Kw/[H+] = (1.0*10^-14)/(1*10^-9) = 1.0*10^-5
The concentration of OH- ions is 1.0*10^-5 M.
Maybe because gravity has control of each formation of the solarsydtem thats why its just a guess
