1)Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any cell of any organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine. This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA.
2)DNA structure
DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code.
3)A nucleotide consists of three things: A nitrogenous base, which can be either adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine (in the case of RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil). A five-carbon sugar, called deoxyribose because it is lacking an oxygen group on one of its carbons. One or more phosphate groups.
4)DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative because of this process of replication, where the resulting double helix is composed of both an old strand and a new strand. ... Semiconservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.
5)The diagram has show in above.
6)complementary base pairing is necessary because the double helix shape would not be the same if not. Doubles would only pair with doubles and the singles to singles.
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DNA ligase is the enzyme that repair irregularities and breaks in the back bone of double stranded DNA. The enzyme function by sealing the repair in the DNA, it seals recombination fragments and it connects okazaki fragments during replication of DNA.
If a mutation reduce the amount of ligase, all the functions of the ligase enzyme listed above will be affected negatively.
Answer:
F1 Females - all wild type
F1 Males - all wild type
F2 Females - - all wild type
F2 Males - 1/2 wild type, 1/2 vermilion
Explanation:
The wild-type allele (Xᵛ⁺) is dominant over vermilion (Xᵛ), which is a sex-linked trait.
Female flies have two X chromosomes, male flies have one X and one Y chromosome.
A homozygous wild-type female fly (Xᵛ⁺Xᵛ⁺) is mated with a vermilion male fly (XᵛY).
The female parent can only produce Xᵛ⁺ gametes.
The male parent can produce either Xᵛ or Y gametes.
When gametes from both parents fuse, the F1 offspring will have the genotypes Xᵛ⁺Xᵛ (females with wild type eyes) and Xᵛ⁺Y (males with wild type eyes).
The F1 females can produce Xᵛ⁺ and Xᵛ gametes. The F1 males can produce Xᵛ⁺ and Y gametes.
When the F1 individuals interbreed, the gametes combine to give rise to the F2 offspring. The possible combination of gametes that will give the different genotypes and phenotypes in the F2 are:
- Xᵛ⁺Xᵛ⁺ females with wild type eyes
- Xᵛ⁺ Y males with wild type eyes
- Xᵛ Xᵛ⁺ females with wild type eyes
- Xᵛ Y males with vermilion eyes
Answer:
transform
Explanation:
Most earthquakes occur at the boundaries where the plates meet. In fact, the locations of earthquakes and the kinds of ruptures they produce help scientists define the plate boundaries. There are three types of plate boundaries: spreading zones, transform faults, and subduction zones.
