Answer:
Avirulent.
Explanation:
VIRULENCE is the ability of a pathogenic organism to infects the host, leading to damages or death of the host. The extent of these virulent effect depends on certain chemical substances ( called Virulence factors) produced during the pathogenic processes.
The virulence effects is achieved due to the ability of the virulent factor to disrupt the entire physiological mechanisms of the organisms; e,g crop plants; though suppression of the host immune response, disruptions of the immune mechanisms, colonization of the host DNA structure etc. Therefore the pathogenic effects suppressed the host resistance and spread throughout the host body system.
In this present scenario, the pathogenic effect of the likable bacteria; is not virulent, because
none of the d crop pant is completely diseased.
the nascent intenodes and leaves are growing to usual size.
Consequently, the physiological and the morphological features of the crop plants are still intact. Thus the infection is AVIRULENT.
Answer:
The correct answer would be a. Fragments of DNA that have desired genes are isolated to form recombination DNA for use in a host. Genetic engineering refers to the direct manipulation or modification of the desired gene in a cell in order to produce novel or improved organism.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
If you think of the double helix structure as a ladder, the phosphate and sugar molecules would be the sides, while the bases would be the rungs.
Answer:
When electrons move through a series of electron acceptor molecules in cellular respiration, <em>oxygen is eventually reduced by the electrons in the formation of water</em>
Explanation:
The electron transport chain is located in the internal mitochondrial membrane. There are three proteinic complexes in the membrane, I, II, and III, that contain the electrons transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electrons transference from one complex to the other. Complex I contains the flavine mononucleotide -FMN- that receives electrons from the NADH. The coenzyme Q, located in the lipidic interior of the membrane, conducts electrons from complex I to complex II. The complex II contains cytochrome b, from where electrons go to cytochrome c, which is a peripheric membrane protein. Electrons travel from cytochrome c to cytochromes a and a3, located in the complex III. Finally, electrons go back to the matrix, where they combine to H₊ ions and oxygen, to form the water molecule. As electrons are transported through the chain, protons are bombed through the three proteinic complexes from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
