1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Setler79 [48]
3 years ago
11

The elementary liquid-phase series reaction

Engineering
1 answer:
liraira [26]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Concentration of A: \frac{C_{A} }{C_{Ao} } =e^{-k_{1}t }

Concentration of B: \frac{C_{B} }{C_{Ao} } =\frac{k_{1} }{k_{2}-k_{1}  } (e^{-k_{1}t } -e^{-k_{2}t } )

Concentration of C: \frac{C_{C} }{C_{Ao} } =1+\frac{k_{1} }{k_{2}-k_{1}  } e^{-k_{2}t } -\frac{k_{2} }{k_{2}-k_{1}  } e^{-k_{1} t}

the image shows the graphs of the three concentrations

Explanation:

We have the reaction:

A ------->k1--------->B------------->k2--------->C

Each reaction:

r_{A} =-k_{1} C_{A} \\r_{B} =k_{1} C_{A} -k_{2} C_{B} \\r_{C} =k_{2} C_{C}

Where Cn is the concentration of each specie (A,B,C)

The mass balance for A:

-\frac{dC_{A} }{dt} =-r_{A} \\-\frac{dC_{A} }{dt}=k_{1} C_{A} \\-\int\limits^y_x {\frac{dC_{A} }{dt} } \,=k_{1} t\\\frac{C_{A} }{C_{Ao} } =e^{-k_{1}t }

Where x=CAo and y=CA

The mass balance for B:

-\frac{dC_{B} }{dt} =-r_{B} \\-\frac{dC_{B} }{dt}=k_{2} C_{B} -k_{1} C_{A} \\\frac{dC_{B} }{dt}+k_{2} C_{B}=k_{1} C_{A}\\\frac{C_{B} }{C_{Ao} } =\frac{k_{1} }{k_{2}-k_{1}  } (e^{-k_{1}t }-ex^{-k_{2}t }  )

The mass balance for C:

\frac{C_{C} }{C_{Ao} } =1-\frac{C_{A} }{C_{Ao} } -\frac{C_{B} }{C_{Ao} } \\\frac{C_{C} }{C_{Ao} }=1+\frac{k_{1} }{k_{2}-k_{1}  } e^{-k_{2} t}-\frac{k_{2} }{k_{2}-k_{1}  }  e^{-k_{1}t }

The maximum concentration of C is:

C_{Cmax} =C_{Ao} (\frac{k_{2} }{k_{1} } )^{\frac{k_{2} }{k_{2}-k_{1}  }}  =1.6(\frac{0.01}{0.4} )^{\frac{0.01}{0.01-0.4} } =1.76mol/dm^{3}

and the maximum time is:

t_{max} =\frac{ln\frac{k_{2} }{k_{1} } }{k_{2}-k_{1}  } =\frac{ln\frac{0.01}{0.4} }{0.01-0.4} =9.4 h

You might be interested in
Explicar el funcionamiento de un multímetro analógico.
Whitepunk [10]

Answer:

Un multímetro analógico funciona como un medidor de bobina móvil de imán permanente (PMMC) para tomar mediciones eléctricas

Explanation:

El multímetro analógico es un medidor o galvanómetro D'Arsonval que funciona según el principio de los medidores de bobina móvil de imán permanente (PMMC)

Un multímetro analógico está formado por un puntero de aguja unido a una bobina móvil colocada entre el polo norte y sur de un imán permanente dispuesto de tal manera que, cuando una corriente eléctrica fluye a través de la bobina, genera una fuerza de campo magnético que interactúa con el imán fuerza de campo de los imanes permanentes que hace que la bobina se mueva junto con el puntero de la aguja sobre un dial graduado

Para controlar el movimiento del puntero de la aguja, de modo que el par requerido para producir una cantidad de movimiento por corriente detectada por el multímetro, se colocan dos resortes a través de la bobina para proporcionar resistencia al movimiento en ambas direcciones y para permitir la calibración del multímetro analógico.

4 0
3 years ago
Identify the measurement shown in figure 7 and state in centimeters ​
Sav [38]

Answer:

1.3cm

Explanation:

the arrow is 3 lines past the 1 so it is 1.3cm

6 0
3 years ago
What is hardness and how is it generally tested?
drek231 [11]

Answer:

Hardness is understood as the property of materials in general to resist the penetration of an indenter under load, so that the hardness represents the resistance of the material to the plastic deformation located on its surface.

Explanation:

Hardness of a material is understood as the resistance that the material opposes to its permanent surface plastic deformation by scratching or penetration. It is always true that the hardness of a material is inversely proportional to the footprint that remains on its surface when a force is applied.

In this sense, the hardness of a material can also be defined as that property of the surface layer of the material to resist any elastic deformation, plastic or destruction due to the action of local contact forces caused by another body (called indenter or penetrator), harder, of certain shape and dimensions, which does not suffer residual deformations during contact.

That is, hardness is understood as the property of materials in general to resist the penetration of an indenter under load, so that the hardness represents the resistance of the material to the plastic deformation located on its surface.

The following conclusions can be drawn from the previous definition of hardness:  

  1) hardness, by definition, is a property of the surface layer of the material, and is not a property of the material itself;  

  2) the methods of hardness by indentation presuppose the presence of contact efforts, and therefore, the hardness can be quantified within a scale;

  3) In any case, the indenter or penetrator must not undergo residual deformations during the test of hardness measurement of the body being tested.

To determine the hardness of the materials, durometers with different types of tips and ranges of loads are used on the various materials. Below are the most commonly used tests to determine the hardness of the materials.

   Rockwell hardness :

It refers to the Rockwell hardness test, a method with which the hardness or resistance of a material to be penetrated is calculated. It is characterized by being a fast and simple method that can be applied to all types of materials. An optical reader is not required.

    Brinell hardness :

Brinell hardness is a scale that is used to determine the hardness of a material through the indentation method, which consists of penetrating with a hardened steel ball tip into the hard material, a load and for a certain time.  

This test is not very precise but easy to apply. It is one of the oldest and was proposed in 1900 by Johan August Brinell, a Swedish engineer.

    Vickers hardness:

Vickers hardness is a test that is used in all types of solid and thin or soft materials. In this test, a square-shaped pyramid-shaped diamond and a   136° vertex angle are placed on the penetrating equipment.

In this test the hardness measurement is performed by calculating the diagonal penetration lengths.

However, its result is not read directly on the equipment used, therefore, the following formula must be applied to determine the hardness of the material: HV = 1.8544 · F / (dv2).

3 0
2 years ago
A hydraulic cylinder is to be used to move a workpiece in a manufacturing operation through a distance of 50 mm in 10 s. A force
svetlana [45]

Answer:

The answer to this question is 1273885.3 ∅

Explanation:

<em>The first step is to determine the required  hydraulic flow rate liquid if working pressure and  if a cylinder with a piston diameter of 100 mm is available.</em>

<em>Given that,</em>

<em>The distance = 50mm</em>

<em>The time t =10 seconds</em>

<em>The force F = 10kN</em>

<em>The piston diameter is = 100mm</em>

<em>The pressure = F/A</em>

<em> 10 * 10^3/Δ/Δ </em>

<em> P = 1273885.3503 pa</em>

<em>Then</em>

<em>Power = work/time  = Force * distance /time</em>

<em> = 10 * 1000 * 0.050/10</em>

<em>which is  =50 watt</em>

<em>Power =∅ΔP</em>

<em>50 = 1273885.3 ∅</em>

5 0
3 years ago
Please help me with this. Plzzz.
Drupady [299]

Answer:

450,000m = 450km = 4.5E5

32,600,000W = 32.6MW = 3.26E7

59,700,000,000cal = 59.7Gcal = 5.97E10

0.000000083s = 83ns = 8.3E-8

35,000Ω = 35kΩ = 3.5E4

Explanation:

Giga   = 1,000,000,000

Mega = 1,000,000

kilo     = 1,000

unit    = 1

deci   = .1

centi  = .01

milli    = .001

micro = .000001

nano = .0000000001

pico  = .000000000001

You should be able to look at these and convert between them in seconds if you want to pursue anything in engineering.

7 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • a 120 volt,13 watts fluorescent light bulb is operated from 6pm until 10pm every day the cost per kilo watt hour is $0.07. what
    11·1 answer
  • What is a thermal reservoir?
    15·1 answer
  • The fan blades suddenly experience an angular acceleration of 2 rad/s2. If the blades are rotating with an initial angular veloc
    10·1 answer
  • Please Help It's really Important
    12·1 answer
  • Are spheroidized steels considered as composite? If so, what is the dispersed phase a)- No b)- Yes, Chromium Carbides c)- Yes, I
    12·1 answer
  • A 6-pole, 50 Hz squirrel cage induction motor has rotor resistance and standstill reactance referred to stator of 0.2 ohm and 1
    7·1 answer
  • You will create three classes, the first two being Student and LineAtOfficeHour. The instances of the first class defines a sing
    8·1 answer
  • A car is traveling at 50 ft/s when the driver notices a stop sign 100 ft ahead and steps on the brake. Assuming that the deceler
    6·1 answer
  • Which of the following sentences uses the word malleable correctly?
    7·2 answers
  • Electricians will sometimes call ______ "disconnects" or a "disconnecting means."
    15·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!