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3 years ago

Describes the relationship between the free energy change, the reaction quotient, and the equilibrium constant.

Physics

1 answer:

LUCKY_DIMON [66]3 years ago

4 0

<u>Explanation:</u>

Reaction quotient is defined as the ratio of the concentration of the products and reactants of a reaction at any point of time with respect to some unit. It is represented by the symbol <em>Q</em>.

The ratio of the concentration of products and reactants of a reaction in equilibrium with respect to some unit is said to be equilibrium constant expression. It is represented by the symbol <em>K</em>.

The relationship between Gibbs free energy change and reaction quotient of the reaction is:

$\Delta G=\Delta G^o+RT ln Q$ ......(1)

where,

$\Delta G$ = Gibbs free energy change

$\Delta G^o$ = Standard Gibbs free energy change

R = Gas constant

T = Temperature

At equilibrium, the free energy change of the reaction becomes 0 and standard Gibbs free energy change can be related to the equilibrium constant by the equation:

$\Delta G^o=-RT ln Q$ ...(2)

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If it is the same vehicle, then the 60mph vehicle has more kinetic energy since it is moving faster. Therefore, it requires more energy to stop, and if it is the same car with the same beak system, the braking distance of the 30mph car will be significantly shorter than the 60mph car.

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3 years ago

Suppose an astronaut has landed on Planet * Fully equipped, the astronaut has a

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1 year ago

What must the driver do when approaching an intersection and seeing the traffic light turn from green to yellow?

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2 years ago

A projector is placed on the ground 22 ft. away from a projector screen. A 5.2 ft. tall person is walking toward the screen at a

Stella [2.4K]

Answer:

y = 67.6 feet, y = 114.4/ (22 - 3t)

Explanation:

For this exercise let's use that light travels in a straight line and some trigonometric relationships, the symbols are in the attached diagram

Large triangle Projector up to the screen

tan θ = y / L

For the small triangle. Projector up to the person

tan θ = y₀ / (L-d)

The angle is the same, so we equate the two equations

y₀ / (L -d) = y / L

y = y₀ L / (L-d)

The distance from the screen (d), we look for it with kinematics

v = d / t

d = v t

we replace

y = y₀ L / (L - v t)

y = 5.2 22 / (22 - 3 t)

y = 114.4 (22 - 3t)⁻¹

This is the equation of the shadow height change as a function of time

For the suggested distance the shadow has a height of

y = 114.4 / (22-13)

y = 67.6 feet

7 0

2 years ago

In which medium does light travel faster: one with a critical angle of 27.0° or one with a critical angle of 32.0°? Explain. (Fo

Eddi Din [679]

Answer:

Among those two medium, light would travel faster in the one with a reflection angle of $32^{\circ}$ (when light enters from the air.)

Explanation:

Let $v_{1}$ denote the speed of light in the first medium. Let $v_{\text{air}}$ denote the speed of light in the air. Assume that the light entered the boundary at an angle of $\theta_{1}$ to the normal and exited with an angle of $\theta_{\text{air}}$ . By Snell's Law, the sine of $\theta_{1}\!$ and $\theta_{\text{air}}\!$ would be proportional to the speed of light in the corresponding medium. In other words:

$\displaystyle \frac{v_{1}}{v_{\text{air}}} = \frac{\sin(\theta_{1})}{\sin(\theta_{\text{air}})}$ .

When light enters a boundary at the critical angle $\theta_{c}$ , total internal reflection would happen. It would appear as if the angle of refraction is now $90^{\circ}$ . (in this case, $\theta_{\text{air}} = 90^{\circ}$ .)

Substitute this value into the Snell's Law equation:

$\begin{aligned}\frac{v_{1}}{v_{\text{air}}} &= \frac{\sin(\theta_{1})}{\sin(\theta_{\text{air}})} \\ &= \frac{\sin(\theta_{c})}{\sin(90^{\circ})} \\ &= \sin(\theta_{c})\end{aligned}$ .

Rearrange to obtain an expression for the speed of light in the first medium:

$v_{1} = v_{\text{air}} \cdot \sin(\theta_{1})$ .

The speed of light in a medium (with the speed of light slower than that in the air) would be proportional to the critical angle at the boundary between this medium and the air.

For $0 < \theta < 90^{\circ}$ , $\sin(\theta)$ is monotonically increasing with respect to $\theta$ . In other words, for $\!\theta$ in that range, the value of $\sin(\theta)\!$ increases as the value of $\theta\!$ increases.

Therefore, compared to the medium in this question with $\theta_{c} = 27^{\circ}$ , the medium with the larger critical angle $\theta_{c} = 32^{\circ}$ would have a larger $\sin(\theta_{c})$ . such that light would travel faster in that medium.

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2 years ago