Fog begins to form when water vapor condenses into tiny liquid water droplets that are suspended in the air.
All of these are the components of the catabolic pathway or using the nutrients to provide energy from it. The breakdown of food molecules begins in the mouth and continues to the small intestine. The nutrients are absorbed through the wall of the small intestine which. The surface of the intestine wall is specially modified (contains a huge number of hair-like structures-microvilli) which increase nutrient absorption. (more area for nutrients to be absorbed). The digestive tract is lined with mucosa which consists of simple columnar epithelial cells. Monomer subunits of the food, like glucose are than absorbed and diffused down a concentration gradient into capillary blood. Glucose is converted into pyruvate molecules through the process of glycolysis. Catabolism ends in the major energy-converting organelle, the mitochondrion, where the ATP is produced.
Mitochondria by using cellular respiration to make ATP
Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, spore-forming, bacterium organism that releases a toxin that causes muscle relaxation. The toxin that is released is a neurotoxic protein: Botulinum toxin (BTX) and <span>is produced only in an anaerobic environment. </span>This toxin is used as a a medicine to treat overactive muscle movement.
Viruses reproduce by incorporating
their DNA into an organism's genome to tap into the
host replication mechanism to reproduce themselves.
Viruses, therefore, cannot copy outside their host. This property of viruses makes them suitable
for the production of transgenic
organisms. This is achieved by replacing
the DNA piece that causes virulence in the virus with the desired gene
that is to be transduced into the host organisms.
