Since the addition of the H2O in the last step of hydroboration is anti-Markovnikov, the starting material is 1-pentyne.
The addition of H2 to C5H8 yields an alkene when a Lindlar catalyst is used. Recall that the Lindlar catalysts poisons the process so that the addition do not go on to produce an alkane.
When hydroboration is carried out on the alkene, we are told that a primary alcohol was obtained. We must note that in the last step of hydroboration, water is added in an anti- Markovnikov manner to yield the primary alcohol. Hence, the starting material must be 1-pentyne as shown in the image attached.
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It is easier to determine this if we draw the structural formula of lactic acid as shown in the attached picture. There are three functional groups in lactic acid: carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, and the parent alkane chain. Any of the hydrogens in the alkane chain is the least acidic. Then, it is followed by the H in the hydroxyl group. The most acidic is the H in the carboxyl group.
There are 3 experiments which helps to under water evaporation system.
- Both the temperature of the air surrounding the water and the rate of evaporation increased.
- In the second experiment, we observed an increase in air flow around the water, and this time, the rate of evaporation increased as well.
- In the third and final experiment, we observed an increase in the amount of light in the room, and this time, the rate of evaporation increased as well.
- Because the kinetic energy of a substance can be measured by its temperature, increasing in the temperature or kinetic energy of the air around water will also increase the kinetic energy of the water, which will increase the rate of evaporation.
- It's crucial to have good air flow since it drives water droplets in the air away from you, reducing the amount of humidity in the region. Because there will then be space for the evaporated air or space for the evaporated water to flow into the air, it will then be simpler for the water to really evaporate.
- Water in the presence of sunlight is given extra energy, which increases evaporation.
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Answer: Most polyatomic ions are -ate, related ions that have 1 fewer oxygen atom are -ite (must have at least 1 oxygen tho) and nonmetals are ide.
Explanation:
