Based on the results from this experiment, predict whether some of the following combinations of compounds would precipitate or
1 answer:
Answer:
* No precipitate:
* Precipitate:
* Precipitate:
Explanation:
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In this case, since these all are double displacement reactions, in which the cations and anions are exchanged, we can write the resulting chemical reactions as follows:
a. LiOH and NaCl: No precipitate is formed since LiOH and NaOH are both largely soluble in water:
b. BaCl2 and Na3PO4: barium phosphate precipitate is formed because it has a large molar mass which makes it insoluble in water:
c. MgSO4 and KOH: magnesium hydroxide "milky" precipitate is formed because it is not soluble in water:
Moreover, we can relate the solubility of a substance by considering its polarity, molar mass and nature; usually, heavy substances tend to be insoluble in water as well as nonpolar compounds.
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Answer : The correct answer is 1) AlCl₃ - CH₃Cl 2) HNO₃ -H₂SO₄ at room temperature 3) Fuming HNO₃ -H₂SO₄ at 90-100 ⁰ C heat .
I think this reaction is forming 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene from benzene, since the product is not mentioned. Following are the steps to convert Benzene to 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene .
Step 1: Conversion of Benzene to Toluene .
Benzene can be converted to toluene by Friedel Craft Alkylation of benzene . In this reaction reagent AlCl₃ and Ch3Cl is used . Electrophile CH³⁺ is produced which attached on carbon of benzene and formation of Toluene and HCl occur.
Step 2 : Conversion of Toluene to dinitrotoluene.
Dinitritoluene is prepared from toluene by Nitration . This reaction uses Electrophilic substitution mechanism . The reagents used are HNO₃ and H₂SO₄ at room temperature . These reagents produces NO₂⁺ ( nitronium ion ), a electrophile which attacks on C2 and C4 Carbon atoms of Toluene.
Toluene
Step 3) Conversion of Dinitro toluene to trinitrotoluene.
This reaction is extended nitration of toluene . Further nitration is done in extreme condition . The temperature of reaction is increased to 90- 100 ⁰ C . Due to which there is more production of NO²⁺ ion occurs from HNO₃ -H₂SO₄ and they attack on C6 carbon atom of dinitrotoluene which forms 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene.
Dinitrotoluene
So over all reaction uses three reagents in order :
