The planetary temperature energy balance is obtained by radiating back the absorbed radiation energy from outer-space, by the planet and thus acquiring thermal equilibrium.
What is the process of attaining thermal equilibrium by Earth?
The Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the more the temperature a planet has, the more it will radiate out to reach thermal equilibrium.
We know that outer space contains large masses of radiative energy freely distributed in its vast expanse. A small fraction of this energy is absorbed by the Earth through the atmosphere, surface land, clouds etc.
Now, radiative balance is achieved when a planet's surface continuously warms up until it reaches its peak at which point the same amount of absorbed energy can then be radiated back to space. The relative amount of energy radiated back by a planet is dependent upon the size of the planet.
A colder planet relatively absorbs lower amount of radiation energy from space. In some time, as the planet heats up enough, the energy is radiated back to the space attaining thermal equilibrium.
Learn more about Stefan-Boltzmann law here:
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The ratio of output force to the input force is generally the mechanical advantage of the machine.
Answer:
The minimum speed = 
Explanation:
The minimum speed that the rocket must have for it to escape into space is called its escape velocity. If the speed is not attained, the gravitational pull of the planet would pull down the rocket back to its surface. Thus the launch would not be successful.
The minimum speed can be determined by;
Escape velocity =
where: G is the universal gravitational constant, M is the mass of the planet X, and R is its radius.
If the appropriate values of the variables are substituted into the expression, the value of the minimum speed required can be determined.
Answer:
- Direct current is a current in which electrons flow in one direction only
- Alternating current is a current in which the direction of the electron flow reverses periodically - so, half a cycle forward, half a cycle backward
There are several advantages of using alternating currents for the transmission of electricity across a country, over large distances. The main advantages are:
- The voltage of alternating currents can be easily increased/decreased by using transformers. For instance, a transformer is used at the beginning of the transmission line to increase the voltage (electricity is transmitted at high voltage in order to reduce dissipated power), and then another transformer is used before the electricity enters the houses, in order to decrease the voltage. Transformers only work with alternating currents.
- It is easy to interrupt the flow of an alternating current, because its value naturally becomes zero every half a cycle, so this is useful in case the current must be interrupted.
Answer:
The component of the force due to gravity perpendicular and parallel to the slope is 113.4 N and 277.8 N respectively.
Explanation:
Force is any cause capable of modifying the state of motion or rest of a body or of producing a deformation in it. Any force can be decomposed into two vectors, so that the sum of both vectors matches the vector before decomposing. The decomposition of a force into its components can be done in any direction.
Taking into account the simple trigonometric relations, such as sine, cosine and tangent, the value of their components and the value of the angle of application, then the parallel and perpendicular components will be:
- Fparallel = F*sinα =300 N*sin 67.8° =300 N*0.926⇒ Fparallel =277.8 N
- Fperpendicular = F*cosα = 300 N*cos 67.8° = 300 N*0.378 ⇒ Fperpendicular= 113.4 N
<u><em>The component of the force due to gravity perpendicular and parallel to the slope is 113.4 N and 277.8 N respectively.</em></u>
