Answer: 47 Chromosomes
Explanation: People with Down syndrome typically have three copies of chromosome 21 in each cell, for a total of 47 chromosomes per cell.
<span>Sponges have cellular-level organization, meaning that that their cells are specialized so that different cells perform different functions, but similar cells are not organized into tissues and bodies are a sort of loose aggregation of different kinds of cells. This is the simplest kind of cellular organization found among parazoans.
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Answer: Respiratory system, Excretory system, and Endocrine system.
Explanation:
Homeostasis is the process through which several organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment in the body. There are three organs of the body which ar eaccurately maintained by homeostasis:
Respiratory system: High carbon dioxide content in the blood triggers faster breathing. Most frequently, the lungs exhale, which quicker extracts carbon dioxide from the body.
Endocrine system: High blood sugar content causes insulin release by an endocrine gland called pancreas. Insulin is a hormone which helps the cells absorb blood sugar.
Excretory system: A low blood level of water causes kidney accumulation of water. The kidneys contain more concentrated urine, so less water from the body is lost.
Hence, three critical areas are respiratory system, excretory system, and endocrine system that are accurately maintained by homeostasis.
Answer:
Post-translational modification, alternative splicing, DNA mutations
Explanation:
The diversity of the proteome can occur at different levels of biological processes:
1. During DNA replication yielding DNA mutations.
2. At the mRNA level in Alternative Splicing.
3. After translation on amino acid molecules including addition of different types of sugars (Glycosylation). This is post-translational modification.
Answer:
1/8 (12.5%)
Explanation:
An autosomal recessive disease is an inherited disease in which an individual need to receive both defective alleles at the same gene <em>locus</em> to be expressed in the phenotype. In this case, both parents are carriers of the recessive mutant allele associated with the sickle cell anaemia trait, thereby both parents are heterozygous, ie., each parent has one copy of the normal allele 'H' and one copy of the defective mutant allele 'h' associated with this condition. In consequence, their first child has a 1/4 (25%) chance of having sickle-cell anaemia. Moreover, the chance of having a girl is 1/2 and the chance of having a boy is 1/2, thereby the final chance of having a girl sickle cell anaemia individual is 1/4 x 1/2 = 1/8 (12.5%).
- Parental cross for sickle cell anaemia trait = Hh x Hh >>
- F1 = 1/4 HH (normal); 1/2 Hh (normal); 1/4 hh (sickle cell anaemia) >>
- Sex proportion of sickle cell anaemia individuals = 1/8 female sickle cell anaemia individuals + 1/8 male sickle cell anaemia individuals (1/8 + 1/8 = 1/4)
