Answer:
it form a negative ion because the no. of negative charges exceeds that of the positive charges
Answer:
B. The s orbital and two p orbitals
Explanation:
Answer:
One of the bonds in nitrate is shorter than the other two.
Explanation:
We would firstly need to draw the Lewis structure for nitrate anion. To do this, let's follow the standard steps:
- calculate the total number of valence electrons: five from nitrogen, each oxygen contributes 6, so a total of 18 from oxygen atoms, as well as one from the negative charge, we have a total of 24 valence electrons;
- assign the central atom, usually this is the atom which is single; in this case, we have nitrogen as our central atom;
- assign single bonds to all the terminal atoms (oxygen atoms);
- assign octets to the terminal atoms and calculate the number of electrons assigned;
- the number of electrons assigned is 24, so no lone pairs are present on nitrogen;
- calculate the formal charges: each oxygen has a formal charge of -1 (formal charge is calculated subtracting the sum of lone pair electrons and bonds from the number of valence electrons of that atom); nitrogen has a formal charge of +2;
- nitrogen doesn't have an octet as well, so we'll both minimize its formal charge and make it obtain an octet if we make one double bond N=O.
Therefore, we may have 3 resonance structures, as this double bond might be formed with any of the 3 oxygen atoms.
By definition, double bonds are shorter than single ones, so one of the bonds is shorter than the other two.
Answer:
molar composition of oxygen =0.2 (20%)
molar composition of hydrogen = 0.8 (20%)
Explanation:
Since hydrogen and oxygen react according to
2*H₂+ O₂ → 2*H₂O
according to the ideal gas law:
P₁*V=n₁*R*T (initial state)
P₂*V=n₂*R*T (final state)
dividing both equations
P₁/P₂ = n₁/n₂
then since 2 moles of hydrogen react for every mole of oxygen that reacts, thus oxygen that reacted "no" is
no = (n₁-n₂) 1/(1+2) = n₁ (1-n₂/n₁)/3
then
molar composition of oxygen = xo= no/n₁ = (1-n₂/n₁)/3 = (1-P₂/P₁)/3 = (1-0.4 atm/1 atm )/3 = 0.2 (20%)
then
molar composition of hydrogen = xh= 1- xo = 0.8 (20%)
to verify it , the number of initial moles n₁=remaining hydrogen + hydrogen that reacted + oxygen that reacted
and since 2 moles of hydrogen react for every mole of oxygen that reacts n₁= n₂ + (n₁-n₂) (2/3) + (n₁-n₂) (1/3) = n₂ + (n₁-n₂) = n₁
