Answer:
12N
Explanation:
when a force is applied to a body but still stays at rest or moves at a constant speed , the frictional force is equal to the force applied
Group 0 - they are called the NOBLE GASES
(as they're very unreactive) because...
ALL of their atoms are full.
Example : Helium contains 2 electrons so it's outer shell is full
We use the formula, to calculate the average speed of the round trip,

Here,
, is total distance covered by plane in total time,
.
For the round trip,

.
Thus,
.
The closure temperature represents the point when isotopes are no longer free to move out of a crystal lattice.
Answer: Option C
<u>Explanation:</u>
The closure temperature can also be termed as blocking temperature. It is mostly used in radiometric dating. As the temperature decreases, below a certain point the isotopes may get freeze in their lattice positions. And there may be slowing of diffusion.
At the closure temperature, that rate of diffusion will be zero as the isotopes will be no longer free to move out of crystal lattice. So, this is termed as closure or blocking temperature. As the isotopes loose their ability to move, their concentration will remain fixed in their position leading to measurement of radiation dating.