Answer:
a) Barbell mass = .2kg
b) Energy gained = 10 Joules
c)Newton's Third Law of Motion; explained more below
Explanation:
I'm always weary of Physics problems so I apologize ahead of time if this comes out wrong.
a) We know that in a system, the initial energy input must equal the final energy that is output. I'm going to assume part b) is regarding the energy of the clown's movement; meaning the clown is our "system". And since the system disregards friction we have a system where the initial side has the energy of the clown and the barbell, while the final side just has the final energy of the clown. This gives us:
(1/2)(Clown mass)(Initial clown velocity)² + (1/2)(Barbell mass)(Initial barbell velocity)² = (1/2)(Clown mass)(Final Clown Velocity)²
The clown is initially standing still on the ice, so the initial clown velocity is 0; which wipes out that part of the equation. Plugging in our knowns, we end up with:
(1/2)(Barbell mass)(10m/s)² = (1/2)(80kg)(.500m/s)²
Isolating the barbell mass and doing some calculating leaves us with .2kg.
b) Again, assuming the clown is our main focus, the energy gained by the throw simply equals (1/2)(Clown mass)(Final clown velocity)².
(1/2)(80)(.500)² = 10 Joules
c) The energy gained, as well as the movement of the clown, is explained by Newton's Third Law of Motion. "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" might sound familiar. In this case, the clown acted on the barbell and the barbell reacted on her. Had she not been on ice, the friction of the ground would've kept her in place; but then you couldn't get a Physics problem out of it eh?
