Answer:
Kindly check the attached pictures.
Explanation:
For the reaction between ammonium salt and Na2CO3, in the reaction mechanism, there are going to be four steps for the production of nicotine. The chemical species to monitor here are the Na2CO3 and the starting material which has the amine group attached to it.
STEP ONE: Dissociation of the Na2CO3.
Na2CO3 <=========> 2Na^+ + CO3^2-
STEP TWO: (will be shown in the attached picture). It is the abstraction of H^+ from the amine in the starting material.
STEP THREE: (will be shown in the attached picture). It is the formation of a cyclic compound due to nucleophilic reaction.
STEP FOUR: (will be shown in the attached picture). It involve the the deprotonation and this is the final phase.
The value of ΔG° at this temperature is -18034.18 J/mol
Calculation,
Given information
formation constant (Kf)= 1.7 ×
Universal gas constant (R) = 8.314 J/K• mol
Temperature = 25° C = 25 °C + 273 = 300 K
Formula used:
ΔG° = -RT㏑Kf
By putting the valur of R,T, Kf we get the value of ΔG°
ΔG° = - 8.314 J/K• mol×300K㏑ 1.7 ×
ΔG° = -2494.2㏑ 1.7 × = -18034.18 J/mol
So, change in standard Gibbs's free energy is -18034.18 J/mol
Learn about formation constant
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