Answer:
The equilibrium for hydrate formation depends both on steric and electrical factors of the carbonyl as discussed in the previous section. In most cases the resulting gem-diol is unstable relative to the reactants and cannot be isolated. Exceptions to this rule exist, one being formaldehyde where the small size of the hydrogen substituents relative to aldehydes and ketones favor hydrate formation. Thus, a solution of formaldehyde in water (formalin) is almost exclusively the hydrate, or polymers of the hydrate. The addition of electron donating alkyl groups stabilized the partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon and decreases the amount of gem-diol product at equilibrium. Because of this ketones tend to form less than 1% of the hydrate at equilibrium.
Explanation:
For the silver nitrate test, the solution is added first with nitric acid. This test is to determine halide ions. When silver nitrate is added to the solution, the color of the precipitate would indicate the identity of the ion. For chloride ions, the precipitate is white.
For the sodium thiosulfate test, chlorine is treated with Ki solution which turns brown. When it is titrated with sodium thiosulfate solution, the brown turns yellow upon which, starch is added. It forms a complex which appears as dark blue. Upon adding more titrant, it reaches the endpoint where the blue turns colorless.
The Karez Well System is an important ancient irrigation system. It is made up of a horizontal series of vertical dug wells that are linked to each other by underground water canals. This system provides water to drink for local people as well as to water their crops. The water was collected from the mountains which are miles away from the farmland. Thus, this system transfers water from mountains in form of groundwater to people which are miles away.
Hence, the Karez well system transported groundwater from a distance.
Answer: There are 0.024 moles of gas are present in the container.
Explanation:
Given: Temperature = 
= (25 + 273) K = 298 K
Pressure = 1.7 atm
Volume = 345 mL (1 mL = 0.001 L) = 0.345 L
Formula used is as follows.
PV = nRT
where,
P = pressure
V = volume
n = no. of moles
R = gas constant = 0.0821 L atm/mol K
T= temperature
Substitute the values into above formula as follows.
Thus, we can conclude that there are 0.024 moles of gas are present in the container.
No, isotopes would have a different number of electrons
