Simple version:
First, the section with the desirable gene must be identified. Assuming that has already happened, the section of DNA must be excised from the original genome using restriction enzymes, which recognize certain DNA sequences and snip DNA at those sites. DNA ligase is used to "glue" these ends back together. The DNA is inserted into a plasmid (also with restriction enzymes), which would usually contain antibiotic-resistance genes (so they survive in an environment containing the antibiotic, which would also help show if the bacteria have been successfully transformed).
Then comes the actual transformation process. The bacteria to be transformed are mixed with calcium chloride (which causes the bacteria to be more receptive to the plasmids) and then mixed with the plasmids. The bacterial cells are subjected to a heat shock (the solution is heated and rapidly cooled, e.g. by placing the mixture in a hot water bath and quickly transferred to ice) so they will take up the plasmid (since the temperature change makes the membrane more permeable). The bacteria are placed on a growth medium containing the antibiotic they're resistant to. Only those successfully transformed would survive.
Label O is organic material, label A is topsoil, label B is subsoil and label C is weathered rock. They represent different soil layers.
<h3>Soil layers</h3>
Soli layers, also called horizons, refer to the different layers observed on the ground.
The topsoil is a layer of soil composed of a mixture of sand, silt, clay and organic material referred to as humus.
Weathering rocks refer to the dissolved rocks and/or minerals on the Earth's surface.
Subsoil refers to the layer under the topsoil on the surface of the ground.
Learn more about soil layers here:
brainly.com/question/1933157
It is A both chemical changes and flow of energy
Answer: C - Chromosomes create genes
Explanation: took the test 100%
DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative because of this process of replication, where the resulting double helix is composed of both an old strand and a new strand. ... Semiconservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.
