Answer:Water absorbs different wavelengths of light to different degrees. The longest wavelengths, with the lowest energy, are absorbed first. Red is the first to be absorbed, followed by orange & yellow. The colors disappear underwater in the same order as they appear in the color spectrum. Even water at 5ft depth will have a noticeable loss of red. For this reason, strobes are usually used to add color back to subjects.
Explanation:
Answer:
2,347.8 grams
Explanation:
The freezing point depression Kf of water = 1.86° C / molal.
To still freeze at -12° C, then the molality of the solution 12/ 1.86 = 6.45 moles
The molecular weight of sorbitol (C6H14O6)is:
6 C = 6 ×12 = 72
14 H = 14 × 1 = 14
6 O = 6 × 16 = 96
...giving a total of 182
So one mole of sorbitol has a mass of 182 grams.
Since there are 2 kg of water, 2 × 6.45 moles = 12.9 moles can be added to the water to get the 12° C freezing point depression.
Therefore
grams = moles × molar mass
12.9 moles × 182 grams / mole = 2,347.8 grams of sorbitol can be added and still freeze
The ratio of buffer C₂H₃O₂ /HC₂H₃O₂ must you use are1:0.199 or 10:2
the ratio of buffer C₂H₃O₂ /HC₂H₃O₂ can be calculate using the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation which relates the pH to the measure of acidity pKa. The equation is given as:
pH = pKa + log ([base]/[acid]
Where,
[base] = concentration of C₂H₃O₂in molarity or moles
[acid] = concentration of HC₂H₃O₂ in molarity or moles
For the sake of easy calculation, allow us to assume that:
[base] =1
[acid] = x
Therefore using equation 1,
5.44 = 4.74 + log (1 / x)
log [base / acid] = 0.7
1 / x = 5.0118
x = 0.199
The required ratio of buffer C₂H₃O₂ /HC₂H₃O₂ is 1:0.199 or 10:2
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Independent Variables are changes that occur in an experiment that are directly caused by the experimenter (you.)
Dependent Variables are changes that occur due to independent variables.
Controlled Variable is anything else that could influence the dependent variables.