I'm pretty sure its A- true.
Hope this helped. Have a good day! :D
This would be an example of a mutualistic relationship because both organisms benefit from the relationship.
A mutualistic relationship is described as when two organisms of different species work together and both benefit from the relationship.
1 - <u>B. Water level and salinity.</u>
2 - <u>B. Oceanic & neritic.</u>
I hope this helps!
Louis Pasteur’s experiments has taken a leap on cell biology. He was able to contribute to the concept of cell theory which suggests that cells came from pre-existing cells, cells are the fundamental unit of life and that all life have cells.
Highlighting on pre-existing cells, early before the experiments of Pasteur, there was the theory of spontaneous generation. This theory claims that organisms came from nonliving objects which is now, truly misleading and wrong.
The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
